Evidence that predator satiation drives reproductive synchrony in the desert masting grass, soft spinifex ( Triodia pungens )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd R. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony

Chemical defences of fruits and mast-fruiting of dipterocarps

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Numata ◽  
Naoki Kachi ◽  
Toshinori Okuda ◽  
N. Manokaran
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Mast Fruiting ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Satiation Hypothesis

Mast-fruiting is the intermittent and synchronous production of large fruits by a population of plants at long intervals (Herrera et al. 1998, Kelly 1994). Several hypotheses have been proposed concerning the adaptive advantages of mast-fruiting (Janzen 1971, 1974; Kelly 1994), and some field observations have provided evidence for these hypotheses (Norton & Kelly 1988, Shibata et al. 1998, Sork 1993). The predator-satiation hypothesis is one well-known explanation for reproductive synchrony in plants and animals (Janzen 1971, 1974; Kelly 1994). This hypothesis claims that mast fruiting at irregular intervals of several years is an effective means of satiating vertebrate fruit predators: low seed production can only support low densities of predators during the periods between mast-fruiting events, but more fruits are produced than predators can consume in masting years (Janzen 1971, Kelly 1994). Thus, it may be said that mast-fruiting is a defence strategy of plants against post-dispersal vertebrate fruit predators.

scholarly journals Female reproductive synchrony predicts skewed paternity across primates

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Ostner ◽  
Charles L. Nunn ◽  
Oliver Schülke
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Synchrony

scholarly journals Evaluation of the functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) larvae feeding on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in laboratory

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

This study evaluated the functional response of the larva of the predator Chrysoperla carnea by offering varying densities of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) . Results showed conformity with type–II functional response, where the number of prey killed approaches asymptote hyperbolically as prey density increases (declining proportion of prey killed or the inverse density dependent) till it reached the stability stage determined by handling time and predator satiation. Also, the values of attack rate and handling time changed with age progress for both predator and prey. It has been observed an increase in the attack rate and reduction in handling time with the progress of the predator age when feeding on a particular nymphal instar. The attack rates of the predator was 1.779,3.406 and 4.219 ,while handling time was 0.015,0.010 and 0.008 (days) for 1st,2nd,3rd larval instars respectively, when fed on 1st nymphal instar. Also attack rates decreased and increases handling time with the progress in the prey. The attack rates were 1.779, 1.392, 1.096 and 1.059, due to an increase in size of the predator and in the growing efficiency in hunting the prey as well as in the increase in size of the prey and in developing its ability to defend itself and escape.

scholarly journals Seed–predator satiation and Janzen–Connell effects vary with spatial scales for seed-feeding insects

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhishu Xiao ◽  
Xiangcheng Mi ◽  
Marcel Holyoak ◽  
Wenhua Xie ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Seed Predator

Coexistence states in a cross-diffusion system of a predator–prey model with predator satiation term

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Cintra ◽  
Cristian Morales-Rodrigo ◽  
Antonio Suárez
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Diffusion System ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Linear Diffusion ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Cross Diffusion ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Coexistence States ◽  
Predator Model

In this paper, we study the existence and non-existence of coexistence states for a cross-diffusion system arising from a prey–predator model with a predator satiation term. We use mainly bifurcation methods and a priori bounds to obtain our results. This leads us to study the coexistence region and compare our results with the classical linear diffusion predator–prey model. Our results suggest that when there is no abundance of prey, the predator needs to be a good hunter to survive.

Reproductive synchrony in a habitat-forming kelp and its relationship with environmental conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Mohring ◽  
Thomas Wernberg ◽  
Gary A. Kendrick ◽  
Michael J. Rule
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony

Dominance rank, female reproductive synchrony, and male reproductive skew in wild Assamese macaques

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manakorn Sukmak ◽  
Worawidh Wajjwalku ◽  
Julia Ostner ◽  
Oliver Schülke
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Reproductive Skew ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony ◽  
Assamese Macaques

The reproductive biology of Plutonaster Bifrons, Dytaster Insigns and Psilaster Andromeda (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) from the Rockall Trough

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-887
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
S. L. Pain
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Surface Production

Examination of the reproductive biology of three closely related sympatric astropectinid asteroidshas revealed two distinct reproductive strategies. In Plutonaster bifrons and Dytaster insignis the gonads are serially arranged and open at gonopores located at the tip of genital papillae found on the dorsal arm surface between the bases of the paxillae. The ovaries of these species produce numerous small (ca. 120/«n diameter) eggs which in Plutonaster bifrons appear to show a distinct synchrony of production. Initiation of gametogenesis occurs in June to August of each year with oocyte growthcontinuing until March with a spawn-out in the period March to early June. In specimens where spawningdoesnot occur, there would appear to be internal oocyte degeneration, or after spawning relict oocytesundergo phagocytosis. In males initiation of spermatogenesis may occur in August/September of eachyear but after this synchrony of sperm development is not evident. In Psilaster andromeda gonads are located at the base of the arms and each gonad opens at a single gonopore. A number of small (<300 /«n) oocytes are produced by each gonad. Some of these are phagocytosed and some undergo vitellogenesis and grow to a maximum size of 950 fim before being spawned. Unspent oocytes undergo internal degeneration. In neither females nor males is there any evidence of reproductive synchrony. From these egg sizes, fecundities and gametogenic strategies, we infer indirect planktotrophic development for Plutonaster bifrons, the transfer of a seasonal surface production to deep water providing a food source for developing larvae. The egg size and or close to the sea-bed, as there is no evidence of brooding in this species.

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