Camera traps reveal the predation of artificial nests by free-ranging Azara’s agoutis, Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823, in central Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio Guimaraes-Silva ◽  
Alessandro Ribeiro de Morais ◽  
Fábio Martins Vilar de Carvalho ◽  
Jânio Cordeiro Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Camera Traps ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Mammal richness and diversity in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state, central Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Paula Gomes ◽  
Clarisse Rezende Rocha ◽  
Reuber Albuquerque Brandão ◽  
Jader Marinho-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Reservoir Filling

At least 251 mammal species are recorded for the Brazilan cerrado, which, therefore, is the third richest Brazilian biome. Most mammal surveys in Brazilian cerrado result from studies performed opportunistically and in short time periods. The aims of the present study were (1) provide a checklist for the mammalian fauna based on a five-year sampling in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state; (2) compare small non-flying mammals diversity in open and forest areas and (3) compare species diversity before and after the flood caused by a hydroelectric reservoir filling. The data was gathered in 19 sampling periods, from May 2008 to September 2013. We sampled open and forest habitats and captured non-flying small mammals with Sherman and Tomahawk live traps and pitfalls; bats were sampled with mist-nets; large mammals were recorded with camera traps, and by direct observations and track surveys in field. We found 20 species of small non-flying mammals, 10 species of bats and 33 species of larger mammals. Species diversity was greater for forest than open habitats, and was also greater before than after the complete reservoir filling. About 10% of the recorded species are included in the Brazilian official list of threatened species. The total richness represents 25% of all cerrado mammal fauna, highlighting the importance of this area for regional mammal fauna conservation.

scholarly journals Daily Activity Patterns and Co-Occurrence of Duikers Revealed by an Intensive Camera Trap Survey across Central African Rainforests

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Fructueux G. A. Houngbégnon ◽  
Daniel Cornelis ◽  
Cédric Vermeulen ◽  
Bonaventure Sonké ◽  
Stephan Ntie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Overlap

The duiker community in Central African rainforests includes a diversity of species that can coexist in the same area. The study of their activity patterns is needed to better understand habitat use or association between the species. Using camera traps, we studied the temporal activity patterns, and quantified for the first time the temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence between species. Our results show that: (i) Two species are strongly diurnal: Cephalophus leucogaster, and Philantomba congica, (ii) two species are mostly diurnal: C.callipygus and C. nigrifrons, (iii) one species is strongly nocturnal: C.castaneus, (iv) and one species is mostly nocturnal: C.silvicultor. Analyses of temporal activities (for five species) identified four species pairs that highly overlapped (Δ^≥ 0.80), and six pairs that weakly overlapped (Δ^ between 0.06 and 0.35). Finally, co-occurrence tests reveal a truly random co-occurrence (plt > 0.05 and pgt > 0.05) for six species pairs, and a positive co-occurrence (pgt < 0.05) for four pairs. Positive co-occurrences are particularly noted for pairs formed by C.callipygus with the other species (except C. nigrifrons). These results are essential for a better understanding of the coexistence of duikers and the ecology of poorly known species (C. leucogaster and C. nigrifrons), and provide clarification on the activity patterns of C. silvicultor which was subject to controversy. Camera traps proved then to be a powerful tool for studying the activity patterns of free-ranging duiker populations.

scholarly journals First evidence of gregarious denning in opossums (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae), with notes on their social behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 20150307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Astúa ◽  
Rafael A. Carvalho ◽  
Paula F. Maia ◽  
Arthur R. Magalhães ◽  
Diogo Loretto
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Didelphis Aurita ◽  
Nest Sharing ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

The Didelphidae are considered solitary opossums with few social interactions, usually limited to mating-related or mother–pouch young interactions. Anecdotal reports suggest that additional interactions occur, including den sharing by a few individuals, usually siblings. Here, we report novel observations that indicate opossums are more social than previously thought. These include nest sharing by males and females of Marmosa paraguayana , Gracilinanus microtarsus and Marmosops incanus prior to the onset of the breeding season and without signs of sexual activity; this is taken to indicate early pair-bonding matching and cooperative nest building. We also recorded den sharing among recently weaned siblings of Didelphis aurita and Caluromys philander . In addition, we observed 13 individuals of Didelphis albiventris representing three age classes resting without agonistic interactions in a communal den. These are the first reports of gregarious behaviour involving so many individuals, which are either unrelated or represent siblings from at least two litters, already weaned, sharing the same den with three adults. Sociality in opossums is probably more complex than previously established, and field experimental designs combining the use of artificial nests with camera traps or telemetry may help to gauge the frequency and extent of these phenomena.

Prevalence of Crown Trauma in Free-Ranging Maned Wolves (Chrysocyon Brachyurus) in Central Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Malzoni Furtado ◽  
Cyntia Kayo Kashivakura ◽  
Claudia Ferro ◽  
Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo ◽  
Leandro Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Brazil ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

scholarly journals Checklist of large and medium-bodied mammals from four areas of Tocantins state, Central Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-700
Author(s):  
Michelle Pinto Mercês ◽  
Kleiton Rodolfo Alves-Silva ◽  
Wlainer Silva De Paula
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Speothos Venaticus

The state of Tocantins is located in Central Brazil. The northern extreme of this state corresponds to the southeastern portion of the Amazon biome, while it is covered primarily by Cerrado savanna, as well as the transition area between these two biomes. We provide a checklist of large- and medium-bodied mammals from four localities in Tocantins, update the list of species for the state, and compile the available information on their geographic distribution. We surveyed mammals at four sites during different periods (between 2010 and 2018), using camera traps and opportunistic observations. In spite of the differences in the sampling effort among the sites, we recorded 42 mammal species belonging to eight orders and 20 families. Our list includes rare and threatened species, such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), and the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris). One species (Galictis cuja) was recorded in the state for the first time and the known range distribution of two others (Speothos venaticus and Alouatta caraya) was updated.  

scholarly journals Domestic Cat Abundance and Activity Across a Residential Land Use Gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin F. P. Bennett ◽  
Brian S. Evans ◽  
J. Alan Clark ◽  
Peter P. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Residential Land Use ◽  
Free Ranging

Free-ranging domestic cats are a detriment to wildlife and humans by preying on native species and transmitting disease. As a result, removing free-ranging cats from the landscape has become a conservation and public health priority. Estimating cat population size with an unbiased sampling design, however, especially in human-dominated areas, is logistically challenging and rarely done. The lack of robust cat population sampling limits our understanding of where cats pose risks, which is important for evaluating management strategies, such as trap-remove or trap-neuter-return. We hypothesized that cat abundance and activity both depend on human land use and demographics. Using a network of sites participating in a community science program, we conducted transect and camera trap surveys to test predictions of cat population abundance and activity across a gradient of residential land use intensity. Both sampling methods determined that cat abundance was greatest in areas with intermediate human population density and lower educational attainment. Transect data also provided evidence that cat abundance was greatest at intermediate levels of impervious surface cover (e.g., road and buildings), while data from camera traps also showed that cat abundance was positively associated with household income. Using counts of cats observed on cameras, we found that the timing of cat activity varied depending on the degree of urban intensity. Cats were more strictly nocturnal in medium and high intensity residential land-use areas, possibly because a greater proportion of these cats are unowned or because they avoid human activity. These results suggest that transect surveys conducted during the day may undercount cats in urban environments where unowned free-ranging cats predominate. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of incorporating human demographics, land use patterns, and urban context in estimating the abundance of free-ranging cats to better inform management decisions and improve conservation outcomes.

How to catch red foxes red handed: identifying predation of freshwater turtles and nests

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Dawson ◽  
Heather M. Crawford ◽  
Robert M. Huston ◽  
Peter J. Adams ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Anthropogenic Food Sources

Context Predation is one of the key contributors to mortality in freshwater turtles. Confirming the identity of predators is an important step towards conservation management action. Throughout Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is suspected to apply significant and unsustainable predation pressure to turtle populations, killing adults and depredating nests; however methods for confirming this are limited. Aims The present study used a range of methods to confirm predation of oblong turtle (Chelodina colliei) nests and adults by the introduced red fox. Methods First, depredated adult carapaces, and turtle egg-shell fragments from excavated nests were swabbed and analysed for trace DNA. Second, we used artificial turtle nests, monitored by camera traps, to analyse seasonal changes in the behaviour of foxes around sites where turtle nests are present, including over the nesting season. Last, we used scat analysis to identify the prevalence of turtle remains in fox diet. Key results Predominantly fox DNA was recovered from both adult carapaces and depredated eggs. In addition, camera traps recorded only foxes depredating artificial nests. Despite this evidence that foxes kill adults and excavated nests, we found that turtle remains were only a small part of the diet of foxes at this study site (hatchling or turtle egg shell were present in only 4% of 230 scats sampled). The diet of these foxes was largely anthropogenic-sourced foods, such as fruit (e.g. figs, grapes, melons; 81% of scats), sheep carrion (41%) and rodents (36%). Conclusions We conclude that DNA analysis, camera trapping and scat analysis are effective methods of identifying foxes as predators of adult turtle, and their nests. Furthermore, we found that anthropogenic foods (orchard crops, livestock or synanthropic species) may subsidise greater fox population size than might occur in their absence, thereby increasing potential pressure on these freshwater turtles. Implications Our findings give credence to the argument that foxes are effective predators of turtle adults and nests. In addition, the high proportion of anthropogenic food sources in the diet of foxes, and potential subsidisation, is an important consideration for land managers.

IMMOBILIZATION OF FREE-RANGING MANED WOLF (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) WITH TILETAMINE AND ZOLAZEPAM IN CENTRAL BRAZIL

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Malzoni Furtado ◽  
Cynthia Kayo Kashivakura ◽  
Claudia Ferro ◽  
Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo ◽  
Leandro Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Brazil ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Predation Risk to Forest Grouse Nests in the Central European Mountain Regions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Rostislav Linda ◽  
Oddgeir Andersen ◽  
Lasse Frost Eriksen ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Black Grouse ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Common Raven ◽  
Nest Predator

We evaluated the spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk on black grouse nests using artificial nests that were monitored by camera traps in mountain areas with a small extant (Ore Mts.) and already extinct (Jeseníky Mts.) black grouse population. The overall predation rate of artificial nests was 56% and we found significant differences in survival rate courses over time between both study areas (68% Ore Mts. vs. 41%, Jeseníky Mts.). Within the time required for successful egg incubation (25 days), nest survival probability was 0.32 in the Ore Mts. and 0.59 in Jeseníky Mts. The stone marten (Martes foina) was the primary nest predator in both study areas (39% in total), followed by common raven (Corvus corax, 25%) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 22%). The proportion of depredated nests did not differ between habitat types (i.e., open forest interior, clearing, forest edge), but we recorded the effect of interaction of study area and habitat. In Ore Mts., the main nest predator was common raven with seven records (37%). The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) was responsible for most predation attempts in Jeseníky Mts. (five records, i.e., 83%), while in the Ore Mts., most predation attempts were done by red fox (six records, i.e., 38%).

scholarly journals Predation on artificial nests in open habitats of central Brazil: effects of time and egg size

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleyton Washington da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Glaudson Pereira Almeida ◽  
Luciana Vieira de Paiva ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes França
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Daily Survival ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Daily Nest Survival ◽  
Best Fit

The accuracy of artificial nests in representing natural patterns of nest predation has been widely studied in temperate regions and egg size is one of the most tested sources of bias. In the neotropics, experiments with artificial nests usually used larger than natural eggs, despite suggestions in literature that the eggs should be similar to those of the local species. Here, we tested the hypothesis of spatial-temporal variation in predation risk of artificial nests in relation to egg size. We used quail (Coturnix coturnix; large), Chestnut-bellied Seed-finch (Oryzoborus angolensis; small) and plasticine (both sizes) eggs placed in artificial nests. We analyzed daily nest survival using models in the Program MARK. The best-fit model included the effects of egg size and the reproductive period on daily survival of artificial nests. Nests with large eggs had greater Daily Survival Estimates (DSE) than nests with small eggs during two times and DSE were smaller early in the reproductive period. DSE of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.76 to 0.86) and 0.91 (0.87 to 0.93) were recorded for large eggs at the beginning and end periods compared to 0.72 (0.65 to 0.78) and 0.84 (0.79 to 0.88) for small eggs. Birds were more important predators (40% of records) than mammals and reptiles based on signs left on the plasticine eggs. Our results support the hypothesis that larger eggs are less depredated than small ones in artificial bird nests, even when main predators (birds) are different from those commonly observed in the Neotropics (mammals and reptiles). However, controlling the egg size in experiments with artificial nests may not be sufficient to obtain similar time patterns observed in natural nests studied in the Cerrado.

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