scholarly journals Germination response of common annual and perennial forbs to heat shock and smoke treatments in the Chaco Serrano, central Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta R. Arcamone ◽  
Pedro Jaureguiberry
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano ◽  
Germination Response

Mycorrhizal status of plant species in the Chaco Serrano Woodland from central Argentina

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Fracchia ◽  
Adriana Aranda ◽  
Analia Gopar ◽  
Vanesa Silvani ◽  
Laura Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status

Local climate controls among-population variation in germination patterns in two Erica species across western Iberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chamorro ◽  
Belén Luna ◽  
José M. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Gradients ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractIn seasonal climates, germination timing is mainly controlled by temperature, especially in species with physiological seed dormancy. The germination response to temperature may, however, vary among populations across the distribution range of species. Understanding how populations along climate gradients vary in their sensitivity to temperature is important for determining their vulnerability to climate variability and change. Here, we investigated the germination response of two Erica species with physiological seed dormancy (E. australis and E. umbellata) to changes in temperature throughout the seasons (simulated autumn through to spring) and to the local climate in six localities across a latitudinal gradient in western Iberia. Effects were studied with and without exposing the seeds to a heat shock. The local climate of seed provenance emerged as a key factor in modifying the germination sensitivity to germination temperature and their variation through the seasons. Although each species showed idiosyncratic germination responses to temperature treatments and across the gradient, germination of both species was sensitive to warmer temperatures and to a heat shock. Both showed similar seasonal germination patterns: as we moved from south to north, populations tended to have a larger germination peak in spring, which was greater at colder temperatures. We conclude that rising temperatures associated with climate change will affect these species, particularly at their northern ranges, where many seeds will remain dormant during warmer winters. Arguably, models aiming at assessing climate change impacts in these species need to include such variability across latitude.

Post-fire recovery occurs overwhelmingly by resprouting in the Chaco Serrano forest of Central Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina C. Torres ◽  
Melisa A. Giorgis ◽  
Cecilia Trillo ◽  
Luis Volkmann ◽  
Pablo Demaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano

scholarly journals The Role of Small Woodland Remnants on Ground Dwelling Insect Conservation in Chaco Serrano, Central Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Moreno ◽  
María Guadalupe Fernández ◽  
Silvia Itati Molina ◽  
Graciela Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Insect Conservation ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano

Germination response of seven east Australian Grevillea species (Proteaceae) to smoke, heat exposure and scarification

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charles Morris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Native Woodland ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Cues

Seeds of plant species from fire-prone vegetation often show dormancy, and germinate in response to fire-related cues. Seeds of some east Australian Grevillea species were known from earlier studies to germinate in response to fires, but gave mixed results when heat shock was tested as a germination stimulus. In the current study, seeds of seven east Australian Grevillea species were tested for their germination response to smoke, to short heat exposure, and to scarification. Seeds were smoked in a chamber by using a mixture of native woodland vegetation as fuel. The smoking and heating treatments were administered to seeds in bulk: this meant that subsequent germination data for these two treatments were not independent. Cumulative germination in the laboratory was scored for up to 60 days. All three germination treatments, when administered singly, increased germination: smoke increased germination in all seven species, heat in four species, and scarification in a different four species. Pairwise combinations of the three treatments also increased germination in some species e.g. smoke and heat treatments combined led to the highest germination observed in four species, and to increased germination compared with either treatment singly, in another species. Some treatment combinations appeared to interact: heat and scarification combined led to decreased germination in three species. The role of heat exposure and scarification in increasing germination was not due to the breaking of an impermeable seed coat: water uptake of both scarified and unscarified seeds was rapid and equal (after 24 h) in all seven species. The results indicate that seeds of the Grevillea species investigated are responsive to one or more fire-related germination cues.

scholarly journals Insect galls from Córdoba, central Argentina: a case where stem galls predominate

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Nicolás Kuzmanich ◽  
Melisa Giorgis ◽  
Adriana Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Field Surveys ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
Gall Induction

Galls are structures produced by plants in response to the activity of several types of organisms. Gall-inducing species have a close relationship with their host plant, as their habitat is largely restricted to the gall and the plant organ in which it develops. All plant organs are susceptible to gall induction by insects, the leaves being the most vulnerable. Knowledge about interactions between gall-inducing insects and plants is fragmented and incomplete in Argentina. In this study, we completed an inventory of galls induced by insects on plants in Córdoba (central Argentina) using information from field surveys and a review of the literature. We also focused on the frequency of plant-insect taxonomic associations and plant organs most commonly attacked by gall-inducing insects. Field surveys were performed systematically in 26 sites of Chaco Serrano, which were visited five times in two consecutive years, and in17 sites of the province, which were sampled one or two times each. A comprehensive literature search of electronic and conventional databases was also conducted to complete the inventory. A total of 99 gall morphospecies on 58 plant species (21 families and 44 genera) were recorded through both field surveys and a literature review, enlarging the list of species available for the region by almost 50 %. Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the plant families most attacked by galling insects, in partial concordance with the most species-rich plant families in the region. Diptera, particularly the family Cecidomyiidae, was the most species-rich group in the community of galling insects, which is in agreement with different studies across the globe. Baccharis was the genus displaying the highest number of gall morphotypes, followed by Acacia, Condalia, Geoffroea, Prosopis and Schinus. Almost 60 % of the morphotypes were stem galls, a pattern uncommon in the literature. Fusiform and globoid-shaped galls were predominant. Our study highlights the scarce knowledge there is about the interactions between plants and gall-inducing insects in Argentina, particularly those involving species of Cecidomyiidae, with more than 30 undescribed species. Possible mechanisms involved in the predominance of stem galls in central Argentina are discussed.

Impact of heat on seed germination of three perennial grasses in the semiarid region in Central Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia G. Kin ◽  
Carla E. Suárez ◽  
Claudia C. Chirino ◽  
Patricia L. Ávila ◽  
Ernesto F. A. Morici
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Negative Effect

Fire is an important factor affecting the viability and germination of seeds in the soil seed bank. We evaluated the effects of heat on germination and seed viability of three native perennials winter grasses of central Argentina. Seeds of two palatable grasses Piptochaetium napostaense (Speg.) Hack, Nassella tenuis (Phil.) Barkworth and a non-palatable Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav. were exposed to different heat shock treatments resulting from a combination of temperature: 70, 90, 120, 140 and 170°C and three exposure times (5, 10 or 20 min) and a control (no heat) treatment. All control treatments had a high percentage of seed viability (>97%). Germination of P. napostaense was not affected by mild heat shock (70 and 90°C) but it was sensitive to higher temperatures: no seeds survived the exposure to 140 and 170°C. Seeds of this species have awns that facilitate the burring of seeds in the soil, which can reduce fire exposure. N. tenuis and J. ichu were less sensitive to heat. High heat shock reduced seed germination but not seed viability. These experiments show that seeds of P. napostaense, the target species for management on these grasslands, were the most sensitive to heat treatments. Our results show that heat shock can have a negative effect on the soil seed bank of P. napostaense (palatable and dominant species), but does not have significant effects on J. ichu seeds (unpalatable species). Thus, we suggest that the current management recommendations for the use of controlled fire to promote palatable species may not be optimal for these species.

ROLE OF CHARRED WOOD, HEAT-SHOCK, AND LIGHT IN GERMINATION OF POSTFIRE PHRYGANA SPECIES FROM THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Keeley E. ◽  
Melanie Babr-Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Type Response ◽  
Charred Wood ◽  
Fire Type

Seeds of 22 species collected from recently burned phrygana were tested for their response to fire-type cues of charred wood and heat-shock. All Cistus species were stimulated by brief heat-shock, as shown in previous studies; however, none responded to charred wood. Only one of the 22 species was stimulated by charred wood, and only in dark-inhibited seeds, and this response did not occur in the light. The lack of charred-wood-induced germination is in contrast to the substantial proportion of species with this germination response reported for mediterranean-type vegetation in California, the Cape region of South Africa, and Western Australia. Phrygana has many species with heat-shock-stimulated germination, primarily in the Fabaceae and Cistaceae. This germination cue is widespread in these two families, thus, the presence of heat-shock-stimulated germination is a result of homologous, rather than covergent, adaptations in mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Germination response to light was not randomly distributed with respect to fire-type response. Heat-shock-stimulated species were almost uniformly light neutral, in contrast to more opportunistic colonizing species with non-refractory seeds, in which half of the species responded positively or negatively to light.

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