scholarly journals Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and maternal reported ADHD symptoms in childhood: triangulation of evidence using negative control and polygenic risk score analyses

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elis Haan ◽  
Hannah M. Sallis ◽  
Luisa Zuccolo ◽  
Jeremy Labrecque ◽  
Eivind Ystrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Caffeine Exposure

scholarly journals Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and ADHD risk in childhood: parental comparisons and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elis Haan ◽  
Hannah M Sallis ◽  
Luisa Zuccolo ◽  
Jeremy Labrecque ◽  
Eivind Ystrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

Background and aims: Several studies have indicated that maternal prenatal substance use may be associated with offspring ADHD via intrauterine effects. We investigated associations between maternal prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption with childhood ADHD risk accounting for shared familial factors. Design: First, we used a negative control design comparing maternal and paternal substance use. Three models were used for negative control analyses: unadjusted (without confounders); adjusted (including confounders) and mutually adjusted (including confounders and partners substance use). The results were meta-analysed across the cohorts. Second, we used polygenic risk scores (PRS) as proxies for exposures. Maternal PRS for genetic variants of smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption were regressed against ADHD risk. We triangulated the results across the two approaches to infer causality. Setting: We used data from three longitudinal pregnancy cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK, Generation R study (GenR) in the Netherlands and Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) in Norway. Participants: Phenotype data available for children was: N(ALSPAC)=7,850; N(GENR)=3,849 and N(MOBA)=43,512. Genotype data available for mothers was: N(ALSPAC)=7,074 and N(MOBA)=14,583. Measurements: Offspring ADHD risk around age 7-8 was derived by dichotomising symptom scores from multiple questionnaires and parental self-reported substance use was measured at the 2nd pregnancy trimester. Findings: The pooled estimate for maternal prenatal substance use showed an association with ADHD risk (OR_SMOKING=1.11, 95%CI 1.00-1.23; OR_ALCOHOL=1.27, 95%CI 1.08-1.49; OR_CAFFEINE=1.05, 95%CI 1.00-1.11), while not for fathers (OR_SMOKING=1.03, 95%CI 0.95-1.13; OR_ALCOHOL=0.83, 95%CI 0.47-1.48; OR_CAFFEINE=1.02, 95%CI 0.97-1.07). However, maternal associations did not persist in sensitivity analyses (substance use before pregnancy, adjustment for maternal ADHD in MoBa). The PRS analyses did not show evidence of association in ALSPAC or MoBa. Conclusions: Our results do not provide support for a causal intrauterine effect of maternal prenatal substance use on offspring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk.

1645-P: Polygenic Risk Score for Prediction of Complications in Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1645-P
Author(s):  
JOHANNE TREMBLAY ◽  
REDHA ATTAOUA ◽  
MOUNSIF HALOUI ◽  
RAMZAN TAHIR ◽  
CAROLE LONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Prediction Of Complications

304-OR: Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility in a Diverse Consumer Genetic Database

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 304-OR
Author(s):  
MICHAEL L. MULTHAUP ◽  
RYOSUKE KITA ◽  
NICHOLAS ERIKSSON ◽  
STELLA ASLIBEKYAN ◽  
JANIE SHELTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Diabetes Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Database ◽  
Polygenic Risk

P4-240: Using polygenic risk score to predict Alzheimer's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_19) ◽  
pp. P872-P872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Escott-Price ◽  
Rebecca Sims ◽  
Denise Harold ◽  
Maria Vronskaya ◽  
Peter Holmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk

scholarly journals Relative contributions of family history and a polygenic risk score on COPD and related outcomes: COPDGene and ECLIPSE studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000755
Author(s):  
Matthew Moll ◽  
Sharon M. Lutz ◽  
Auyon J. Ghosh ◽  
Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat ◽  
Craig P. Hersh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionFamily history is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously developed a COPD risk score from genome-wide genetic markers (Polygenic Risk Score, PRS). Whether the PRS and family history provide complementary or redundant information for predicting COPD and related outcomes is unknown.MethodsWe assessed the predictive capacity of family history and PRS on COPD and COPD-related outcomes in non-Hispanic white (NHW) and African American (AA) subjects from COPDGene and ECLIPSE studies. We also performed interaction and mediation analyses.ResultsIn COPDGene, family history and PRS were significantly associated with COPD in a single model (PFamHx <0.0001; PPRS<0.0001). Similar trends were seen in ECLIPSE. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for a model containing family history and PRS was significantly higher than a model with PRS (p=0.00035) in NHWs and a model with family history (p<0.0001) alone in NHWs and AAs. Both family history and PRS were significantly associated with measures of quantitative emphysema and airway thickness. There was a weakly positive interaction between family history and the PRS under the additive, but not multiplicative scale in NHWs (relative excess risk due to interaction=0.48, p=0.04). Mediation analyses found that a significant proportion of the effect of family history on COPD was mediated through PRS in NHWs (16.5%, 95% CI 9.4% to 24.3%), but not AAs.ConclusionFamily history and the PRS provide complementary information for predicting COPD and related outcomes. Future studies can address the impact of obtaining both measures in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Polygenic risk score and risk of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in caucasians and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in African Americans

Leukemia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geffen Kleinstern ◽  
J. Brice Weinberg ◽  
Sameer A. Parikh ◽  
Esteban Braggio ◽  
Sara J. Achenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
C Statistic

AbstractMonoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a precursor to CLL. Other than age, sex, and CLL family-history, little is known about factors associated with MBL risk. A polygenic-risk-score (PRS) of 41 CLL-susceptibility variants has been found to be associated with CLL risk among individuals of European-ancestry(EA). Here, we evaluate these variants, the PRS, and environmental factors for MBL risk. We also evaluate these variants and the CLL-PRS among African-American (AA) and EA-CLL cases and controls. Our study included 560 EA MBLs, 869 CLLs (696 EA/173 AA), and 2866 controls (2631 EA/235 AA). We used logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex, to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals within each race. We found significant associations with MBL risk among 21 of 41 variants and with the CLL-PRS (OR = 1.86, P = 1.9 × 10−29, c-statistic = 0.72). Little evidence of any association between MBL risk and environmental factors was observed. We observed significant associations of the CLL-PRS with EA-CLL risk (OR = 2.53, P = 4.0 × 10−63, c-statistic = 0.77) and AA-CLL risk (OR = 1.76, P = 5.1 × 10−5, c-statistic = 0.62). Inherited genetic factors and not environmental are associated with MBL risk. In particular, the CLL-PRS is a strong predictor for both risk of MBL and EA-CLL, but less so for AA-CLL supporting the need for further work in this population.

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