scholarly journals Evidence for a hijacked brain reward system but no desensitized threat system in quitting motivated smokers: An fMRI study

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie L. Kunas ◽  
Heiner Stuke ◽  
Andreas Heinz ◽  
Andreas Ströhle ◽  
Felix Bermpohl
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
Brain Reward System

scholarly journals Cocaine has some effect on neuromedin U expressing neurons related to the brain reward system

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e03947
Author(s):  
Madoka Anan ◽  
Ryoko Higa ◽  
Kenshiro Shikano ◽  
Masahito Shide ◽  
Akinobu Soda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

S.12.02 Targeting VGLUT2 in dopamine neurons affects the brain reward system

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
A. Wallén-Mackenzie ◽  
E. Arvidsson ◽  
E. Restrepo ◽  
S. Pupe Johann ◽  
E. Perland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

24. Brain Reward-System Activation in Response to Anticipation and Consumption of Palatable Food Is Altered by GLP-1 Receptor Activation in Humans (384-OR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
Liselotte van Bloemendaal ◽  
Dick J. Veltman ◽  
Jennifer S. Ten Kulve ◽  
Paul Fc. Groot ◽  
Henricus G. Ruhé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
Brain Reward System

scholarly journals Effects of amphetamine on the human brain opioid system – a positron emission tomography study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joar Guterstam ◽  
Nitya Jayaram-Lindström ◽  
Simon Cervenka ◽  
J. James Frost ◽  
Lars Farde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

Abstract Studies in rodents have shown that psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine cause endorphin release in the brain reward system. There is also evidence for the involvement of the opioid system in human psychostimulant dependence. The acute effects of an i.v. psychostimulant drug on the brain opioid system, however, have not yet been investigated in humans. We hypothesized that an i.v. dose of amphetamine as compared to placebo would cause an opioid release in the human brain reward system, measurable as a reduction of the binding potential of the µ-opioid receptor radioligand [11C]carfentanil. Ten healthy young men were examined using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]carfentanil in three sessions: at baseline; after placebo; after an i.v. amphetamine dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. The order of amphetamine and placebo was double-blinded and randomized. PET examinations were performed with a Siemens high resolution research tomograph. Data were analysed with the simplified reference tissue model, applying manually drawn regions of interest for every subject. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, we found no significant differences in [11C]carfentanil binding potential between amphetamine and placebo conditions in any of the investigated brain regions. In contrast to data from rodent studies and a recent study of oral amphetamine administration in humans, an i.v. dose of amphetamine does not cause any acute opioid release in healthy human subjects. The postulated role of the opioid system in mediating the effects of amphetamine needs to be further investigated in animal models of the disease as well as in patient populations.

New perspectives on cocaine addiction: recent findings from animal research

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Bozarth
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Cocaine Addiction ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
Brain Reward System

Research with laboratory animals has provided several insights into the nature of cocaine abuse and addiction. First, the nature of drug addiction has been reevaluated and the emphasis has shifted from physical dependence to compulsive drug-taking behavior. Second, animal studies suggest that cocaine is at least as addictive as heroin and possibly even more addictive. Third, cocaine is potentially more dangerous than heroin as evidenced by the higher fatality rate seen in laboratory animals given unlimited access to these drugs. Fourth, the neural basis of cocaine reinforcement has been identified and involves an enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental dopamine system. Other addictive drugs (e.g., opiates) may also derive at least part of their reinforcing impact by pharmacologically activating this reward system. Fifth, although the biological consequences of repeated cocaine self-administration on central nervous system functioning are poorly understood, preliminary findings suggest that intravenous cocaine self-administration may decrease neural functioning in this brain reward system. This has important clinical implications because diminished functioning of an important brain reward system may significantly contribute to relapse into cocaine addiction. These and other findings from experimentation with laboratory animals suggest new considerations for the etiology and treatment of drug addiction.Key words: addiction, cocaine, dopamine, reward, withdrawal syndrome.

Predisposing biomarkers of addiction in the brain reward system

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S1070
Author(s):  
A. Just ◽  
C. Meng ◽  
D.G. Smith ◽  
E.T. Bullmore ◽  
T.W. Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

Dysfunction of the brain reward system in addiction

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
A. Heinz ◽  
J. Wrase ◽  
S. Grüsser ◽  
D. Braus ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity and Multilevel System of Connections Determine the Integrative Role of Nucleus Accumbens in the Brain Reward System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9806
Author(s):  
Martyna Bayassi-Jakowicka ◽  
Grazyna Lietzau ◽  
Ewelina Czuba ◽  
Aleksandra Steliga ◽  
Monika Waśkow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

A growing body of evidence suggests that nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a significant role not only in the physiological processes associated with reward and satisfaction but also in many diseases of the central nervous system. Summary of the current state of knowledge on the morphological and functional basis of such a diverse function of this structure may be a good starting point for further basic and clinical research. The NAc is a part of the brain reward system (BRS) characterized by multilevel organization, extensive connections, and several neurotransmitter systems. The unique role of NAc in the BRS is a result of: (1) hierarchical connections with the other brain areas, (2) a well-developed morphological and functional plasticity regulating short- and long-term synaptic potentiation and signalling pathways, (3) cooperation among several neurotransmitter systems, and (4) a supportive role of neuroglia involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Understanding the complex function of NAc is possible by combining the results of morphological studies with molecular, genetic, and behavioral data. In this review, we present the current views on the NAc function in physiological conditions, emphasizing the role of its connections, neuroplasticity processes, and neurotransmitter systems.

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