Assessment of the impact of implementation of a zero blood alcohol concentration law in Uruguay on moderate/severe injury and fatal crashes: a quasi‐experimental study

Addiction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Davenport ◽  
Michael Robbins ◽  
Magdalena Cerdá ◽  
Ariadne Rivera‐Aguirre ◽  
Beau Kilmer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Preliminary Effectiveness of Remotely Monitored Blood Alcohol Concentration Device as Treatment Modality (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Buono ◽  
Colette M. Greed ◽  
Martin Boldin ◽  
Allison Aviles ◽  
Natalie Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Impact

UNSTRUCTURED Alcohol use disorder is a chronic disorder with a high likelihood of relapse. Consistent monitoring of blood alcohol concentration through breathalyzers is critical to identifying relapse or misuse. Smartphone applications as a replacement of, or in conjunction with breathalyzers, have shown limited effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this research protocol manuscript is to evaluate the usage and acceptability of a wireless blood alcohol concentration device in collaboration with a long-term treatment facility to assess increased sobriety for patients with alcohol use disorder. The randomized clinical trial will be across two arms, access to the wireless breathalyzer versus no access to the breathalyzer, while both groups have access to treatment. Evaluation will last three months with a six week-follow up, during which each participant will be interviewed at admission, 1 month in, 2 months in, 3 months in and follow-up. Outcomes will focus on the acceptability of the wireless breathalyzer within the alcohol use disorder population and the impact of quality-of-life measures and clinical features on treatment motivation. In addition, we intend to identify the participants’ experiences in relationship to their treatment satisfaction and perceived support.

scholarly journals The relative risk of involvement in fatal crashes as a function of race/ethnicity and blood alcohol concentration

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Torres ◽  
Eduardo Romano ◽  
Robert B. Voas ◽  
Mario de la Rosa ◽  
John H. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals Patterns of alcohol and drug utilization in trauma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic at six trauma centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance McGraw ◽  
Kristin Salottolo ◽  
Matthew Carrick ◽  
Mark Lieser ◽  
Robert Madayag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Since the national stay-at-home order for COVID-19 was implemented, clinicians and public health authorities worldwide have expressed growing concern about the potential repercussions of drug and alcohol use due to social restrictions. We explored the impact of the national stay-at-home orders on alcohol or drug use and screenings among trauma admissions. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study at six Level I trauma centers across four states. Patients admitted during the period after the onset of the COVID-19 restrictions (defined as March 16, 2020-May 31, 2020) were compared with those admitted during the same time period in 2019. We compared 1) rate of urine drug screens and blood alcohol screens; 2) rate of positivity for drugs or alcohol (blood alcohol concentration ≥ 10 mg/dL); 3) characteristics of patients who were positive for drug or alcohol, by period using chi-squared tests or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate. Two-tailed tests with an alpha of p < 0.05 was used on all tests. Results There were 4762 trauma admissions across the study period; 2602 (55%) in 2019 and 2160 (45%) in 2020. From 2019 to 2020, there were statistically significant increases in alcohol screens (34% vs. 37%, p = 0.03) and drug screens (21% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Overall, the rate of alcohol positive patients significantly increased from 2019 to 2020 (32% vs. 39%, p = 0.007), while the rate of drug positive patients was unchanged (57% vs. 52%, p = 0.13). Of the 1025 (22%) patients who were positive for alcohol or drugs, there were significant increases in a history of alcoholism (41% vs. 26%, p < 0.001), and substance abuse (11% vs. 23%, p < 0.001) in the 2020 period. No other statistically significant differences were identified among alcohol or drug positive patients during COVID-19 compared to the same period in 2019. Conclusions Our first wave of COVID-19 data suggests that trauma centers were admitting significantly more patients who were alcohol positive, as well those with substance use disorders, potentially due to the impact of social restrictions and guidelines. Further longitudinal research is warranted to assess the alcohol and drug positive rates of trauma patients over the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Impact of Protective Behavioral Strategy Use Frequency on Blood Alcohol Concentrations Among Student Drinkers Nationwide

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Adam E. Barry ◽  
Ashley L. Merianos
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Behavioral Strategy ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This study assessed whether college student (1) protective behavioral strategy (PBS) use differed between those who reached legal intoxication during their most recent drinking episode compared to those who did not reach the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) threshold, and (2) frequency of PBS use could explain the variance associated with BAC during the most recent drinking episode, above and beyond one’s sex, age, and involvement in the Greek system. Design: Secondary data analysis of the American College of Health Association’s National College Health Assessment. Setting: Forty-four distinct campuses were included. Participants: A total of 21479 college students were included. Measures: BAC and PBS were measured. Analysis: The data were analyzed by conducting both independent samples t-tests and a multiple regression model. Effect sizes are reported. Results: Participants who reached legal intoxication used PBS less frequently ( P < .001; d = 0.80). Frequency of PBS use had the strongest unique contribution to the regression model (β = −.315, P < .001), such that participants with higher BAC reported less frequent use of PBS. Conclusion: Interventions should seek to develop strategies that encourage college student use of PBS prior to, and during, drinking episodes. More frequent use of PBS can reduce intoxication as well as occurrence of alcohol-associated consequences.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs on Drowning among Victims of Senior Years

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pearn ◽  
Amy Peden ◽  
Richard Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
The Impact

Unintentional fatal drowning among older people is an issue as lifespans lengthen and older people embrace active retirement. While pre-existing medical conditions are a known risk factor for drowning among this age group, less is known about the role of alcohol and drugs. This 15-year (1 July 2002 to 30 June 2017) Australian study used coronial data to investigate the impact on older people (aged 65 years and older) of the obtundent effects of prescribed drugs which had been ingested by those with a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Of the closed coronial cases with toxicological information (N = 471), one quarter (24.6%; N = 116) had consumed alcohol prior to drowning (one in seven BAC ≥ 0.05%), of which a third also had obtundent drugs present (33.6%; N = 39). Rivers/creeks/streams and swimming pools were the locations with the highest number of drowning deaths. Bathtubs (36.8%) and rivers/creeks/streams (17.9%) recorded the highest proportion of cases with victims having a BAC ≥ 0.05%. Bathtubs (13.2%), lakes (7.0%), and rivers/creeks/streams (6.8%) recorded the highest proportion of drowning cases with obtundent drug involvement. Obtundent drug involvement was significantly more likely for activities where the person who drowned was alone (i.e., unknown activity) (X2 = 6.8; p = 0.009). Common obtundent drugs included Diazepam, Tempazepam, and Codeine. Advocacy to prevent drowning in older people is a complex challenge, due to the myriad of locations where drowning occurs, the consumption of alcohol, and polypharmacy required for treating illness and maintaining good health.

scholarly journals Cytokine Changes following Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Healthy Men: A Crossover Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudan Prasad Neupane ◽  
Andreas Skulberg ◽  
Knut Ragnvald Skulberg ◽  
Hans Christian D. Aass ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
The Impact

Alcohol is a known modulator of the innate immune system. Owing to the absence of human studies, alcohol’s effect on circulating cytokine profile remains unclear. We investigated the effect of acute high dose alcohol consumption on systemic cytokine release. After an overnight fasting, alcohol-experienced healthy male volunteers (N=20) aged 25–45 years were given oral ethanol in the form of vodka (4.28 mL/kg) which they drank over a period of 30 minutes reaching peak blood alcohol concentration of 0.12% (SD 0.028). Blood samples were obtained prior to alcohol intake as well as 2, 7, and 12 hours thereafter. Serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and TNF-αwere determined by the multibead-based assay. Baseline cytokine levels were not related to BMI, hepatic parameters, electrolytes, glucose, or morning cortisol levels. Within 2 hours of alcohol intake, levels of IL-1Ra were elevated and remained so throughout the assessment period (pfor trend = 0.015). In contrast, the levels of the chemokine MCP-1 dropped acutely followed by steadily increasing levels during the observation period (p<0.001). The impact of sustained elevated levels of MCP-1 even after the clearance of blood alcohol content deserves attention.

The Importance of Alcohol Testing by Gas Chromatography vs the Cordebard Classical Method Modified in the Medico Legal Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2407-2410
Author(s):  
Dan Perju Dumbrava ◽  
Carmen Corina Radu ◽  
Sofia David ◽  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
Catalin Jan Iov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Alcohol Testing ◽  
Living Person

Considering the growing number of requests from the criminal investigations authorities addressed to the institutions of legal medicine, testing of blood alcohol concentration both in the living person and in the corpse, we believe that a presentation of the two methods which are used in our country, is a topic of interest at present. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the technical details on how blodd alcohol concentration is realised by means of the gas chromatographic method and the classical one, (Cordebard modified by D. Banciu and I. Droc) respectively. Another purpose of this article is to also show, in a comparative way, the elements that make the gas chromatographic method superior to the former one.

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