Incidence and factors associated with discontinuation of opioid agonist therapy among people who inject drugs in Australia

Addiction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Geddes ◽  
Jenny Iversen ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
Lisa Maher
Keyword(s):  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy

scholarly journals Low Hepatitis C Reinfection Following Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy Among People Who Inject Drugs on Opioid Agonist Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2695-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Akiyama ◽  
Daniel Lipsey ◽  
Moonseong Heo ◽  
Linda Agyemang ◽  
Brianna L Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy ◽  
Direct Acting

Abstract Background Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is highly effective in people who inject drugs (PWID); however, rates, specific injection behaviors, and social determinants associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection following DAA therapy among PWID on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) are poorly understood. Methods PREVAIL was a randomized controlled trial that assessed models of HCV care for 150 PWID on OAT. Those who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) (n = 141; 94%) were eligible for this extension study. Interviews and assessments of recurrent HCV viremia occurred at 6-month intervals for up to 24 months following PREVAIL. We used survival analysis to analyze variables associated with time to reinfection. Results Of 141 who achieved SVR, 114 had a least 1 visit in the extension study (62% male; mean age, 52 years). Injection drug use (IDU) was reported by 19% (n = 22) in the extension study. HCV reinfection was observed in 3 participants. Over 246 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of reinfection was 1.22/100 person-years (95% CI, 0.25–3.57). All reinfections occurred among participants reporting ongoing IDU. The incidence of reinfection in participants reporting ongoing IDU (41 person-years of follow-up) was 7.4/100 person-years (95% CI, 1.5–21.6). Reinfection was associated with reporting ongoing IDU in the follow-up period (P < .001), a lack confidence in the ability to avoid contracting HCV (P < .001), homelessness (P = .002), and living with a PWID (P = .007). Conclusions HCV reinfection was low overall, but more common among people with ongoing IDU following DAA therapy on OAT, as well as those who were not confident in the ability to avoid contracting HCV, homeless, or living with a PWID. Interventions to mediate these risk factors following HCV therapy are warranted.

scholarly journals Association between opioid agonist therapy and testing, treatment uptake, and treatment outcomes for hepatitis C infection among people who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grebely ◽  
Lucy Tran ◽  
Louisa Degenhardt ◽  
Alexander Dowell-Day ◽  
Thomas Santo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background People who inject drugs (PWID) experience barriers to accessing testing and treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) may provide an opportunity to improve access to HCV care. This systematic review assessed the association of OAT and HCV testing, treatment, and treatment outcomes among PWID. Methods Bibliographic databases and conference presentations were searched for studies assessing the association between OAT and HCV testing, treatment, and treatment outcomes [direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy only] among people who inject drugs (in the past year). Meta-analysis was used to pool estimates. Results Among 9,877 articles identified, 22 studies conducted in Australia, Europe, North America, and Thailand were eligible and included. Risk of bias was serious in 21 studies and moderate in one study. Current/recent OAT was associated with an increased odds of recent HCV antibody testing [4 studies; odds ratio (OR), 1.80; 95% CI:1.36, 2.39), HCV RNA testing among those who were HCV antibody positive (2 studies; OR, 1.83; 95% CI:1.27, 2.62), and DAA treatment uptake among those who were HCV RNA positive (7 studies; OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.20). There was insufficient evidence of an association between OAT and treatment completion (9 studies) or sustained virologic response following DAA therapy (9 studies). Conclusions Opioid agonist therapy can increase linkage to HCV care, including uptake of HCV testing and treatment among PWID. This supports the scale-up of OAT as part of strategies to enhance HCV treatment to further HCV elimination efforts.

scholarly journals Integrated treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (INTRO-HCV)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars T. Fadnes ◽  
◽  
Christer Frode Aas ◽  
Jørn Henrik Vold ◽  
Christian Ohldieck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Care ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy ◽  
Disorder Treatment ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background A large proportion of people who inject drugs (PWID) living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have not been treated. It is unknown whether inclusion of HCV diagnostics and treatment into integrated substance use disorder treatment and care clinics will improve uptake and outcome of HCV treatment in PWID. The aim is to assess the efficacy of integrating HCV treatment to PWID and this paper will present the protocol for an ongoing trial. Methods INTRO-HCV is a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial that will compare the efficacy of integrated treatment of HCV in PWID with the current standard treatment. Integrated treatment includes testing for HCV, assessing liver fibrosis with transient elastography, counselling, treatment delivery, follow-up and evaluation provided by integrated substance use disorder treatment and care clinics. Most of these clinics for PWID provide opioid agonist therapy while some clinics provide low-threshold care without opioid agonist therapy. Standard care involves referral to further diagnostics, treatment and treatment follow-up given in a hospital outpatient clinic with equivalent medications. The differences between the delivery platforms in the two trial arms involve use of a drop-in approach rather than specific appointment times, no need for additional travelling, less blood samples taken during treatment, and treatment given from already known clinicians. The trial will recruit approximately 200 HCV infected individuals in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway. The primary outcomes are time to treatment initiation and sustained virologic response, defined as undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after end of treatment. Secondary outcomes are cost-effectiveness, treatment adherence, changes in quality of life, fatigue and psychological well-being, changes in drug use, infection related risk behaviour, and risk of reinfection. The target group is PWID with HCV diagnosed receiving treatment and care within clinics for PWID. Discussion This study will inform on the effects of an integrated treatment program for HCV in clinics for PWID compared to standard care aiming to increase access to treatment and improving treatment adherence. If the integrated treatment model is found to be safe and efficacious, it can be considered for further scale-up. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov.no. NCT03155906.

scholarly journals Intensive Models of Hepatitis C Care for People Who Inject Drugs Receiving Opioid Agonist Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (9) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Akiyama ◽  
Brianna L. Norton ◽  
Julia H. Arnsten ◽  
Linda Agyemang ◽  
Moonseong Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy

HIV And HCV adherence and treatment outcomes among people who inject drugs receiving opioid agonist therapy

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hadi J Minhas ◽  
Matthew J. Akiyama ◽  
Brianna L. Norton ◽  
Moonseong Heo ◽  
Julia H. Arnsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy

scholarly journals A Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission, Relapse, and Reinfection Among People Who Inject Drugs Receiving Opioid Agonist Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Akiyama ◽  
Daniel Lipsey ◽  
Lilia Ganova-Raeva ◽  
Lili T Punkova ◽  
Linda Agyemang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Understanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) is essential for HCV elimination. We aimed to differentiate reinfections from treatment failures and to identify transmission linkages and associated factors in a cohort of PWID receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT). Methods We analyzed baseline and follow-up specimens from 150 PWID from 3 OAT clinics in the Bronx, New York. Next-generation sequencing data from the hypervariable region 1 of HCV were analyzed using Global Hepatitis Outbreak and Surveillance Technology. Results There were 3 transmission linkages between study participants. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was not achieved in 9 participants: 7 had follow-up specimens with similar sequences to baseline, and 2 died. In 4 additional participants, SVR was achieved but the participants were viremic at later follow-up: 2 were reinfected with different strains, 1 had a late treatment failure, and 1 was transiently viremic 17 months after treatment. All transmission linkages were from the same OAT clinic and involved spousal or common-law partnerships. Conclusion This study highlights the use of next-generation sequencing as an important tool for identifying viral transmission and to help distinguish relapse and reinfection among PWID. Results reinforce the need for harm reduction interventions among couples and those who report ongoing risk factors after SVR.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir and Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir in People Who Inject Drugs and/or Those in Opioid Agonist Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Z. Janjua ◽  
Maryam Darvishian ◽  
Stanley Wong ◽  
Amanda Yu ◽  
Carmine Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy
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