scholarly journals Commentary on Boslett et al . (2020): Towards better measurement of drug involvement in fatal overdoses

Addiction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1318-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ruhm
Keyword(s):  
Drug Involvement

Juvenile Delinquency and the Social Development Model: The Retrospective Accounts of Homeless Substance Abusers

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Stephanie W. Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Social Development Model ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drug Involvement

Teens involved with drugs and engaged in delinquent behavior lessen their life chances. This article examines the relationship between early illicit drug exposure, delinquency, and subsequent adult experience through the life history accounts of 31 men who are homeless drug addicts today. The men's retrospective reports link personal history and social circumstance to describe common pathways associated with and emerging from adolescent delinquency and drug involvement. Their accounts, framed within the social development model, indicate that the life chances of teens at risk might improve if policy-based solutions and interventions target and ameliorate contextual and interpersonal risk factors interfering with the accumulation of social capital.

Drug Use, Drug Trafficking, and Weapon Carrying Among Low-Income, African-American, Early Adolescent Boys

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072
Author(s):  
Maureen M. Black ◽  
Izabel B. Ricardo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Drug Activities

Objective. To examine relationships involving three extremely high-risk behaviors (drug use, drug trafficking, and weapon carrying) among low-income, urban, African-American early adolescent boys using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Method. The quantitative phase included 192 African-American boys from 9 through 15 years of age recruited from recreation centers located in low-income communities. Youth completed a survey addressing personal risk practices; intentions to engage in risk practices; risk taking among family, friends and community; and values toward risk practices. They also completed standardized assessments of sensation seeking, perceived peer pressure, and parent-child communication. All questionnaires were self-administered through MacIntosh computers programmed to present questions aurally and visually. The qualitative phase included 12 African-American youth from low-income, urban families. The youth participated in 60- to 90-minute interviews regarding drug activities and violence. Results. Most boys (73%) were not involved in either drug activities or weapon carrying. Boys who were involved in drug activities or weapon carrying were often involved in other high-risk activities (cigarette and alcohol use, school failure and expulsion) and had low rates of adaptive communication with their parents. The boys reported high rates of drug involvement by their family, friends, and community. However, psychological and interpersonal factors were better predictors of individual risk activities than community or family variables. Personal values regarding economics predicted drug trafficking. More than 56% of the boys who reported past involvement in drug activities did not anticipate future involvement. Conclusions. Multilevel strategies are necessary to prevent involvement in drug activities and weapon carrying. Intervention programs should begin early and should promote communication between parents and children, adaptive behavior in school, and avoidance of cigarette and alcohol use. Community-level interventions are needed to alter the myth that drug involvement and weapon carrying are normative and to promote images that are less materialistic and more supportive of education and future-oriented activities.

Polar Types of Reported Drug Involvement Among Israeli Youth

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giora Shoham ◽  
G. Rahav ◽  
Y. Esformes ◽  
Joanna Blau ◽  
Nava Kaplinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Involvement

Trends of Youth Marijuana Treatment Admissions: Increasing Admissions Contrasted with Decreasing Drug Involvement

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (13) ◽  
pp. 1778-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miesha Marzell ◽  
Ethan Sahker ◽  
Stephan Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Involvement

Neuropsychological correlates of adolescent substance abuse: Four-year outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN F. TAPERT ◽  
SANDRA A. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol and other drug use are common in youth, but neurocognitive sequelae are unclear. This study examines the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and protracted substance use in adolescence. One hundred fifteen adolescents, ages 13 to 19 years, were recruited from inpatient substance abuse treatment programs and followed for 4 years. Adolescents were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and evaluated on substance use involvement during treatment, and at 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 4-year follow-up time points. Protracted substance abuse over the 4 years of follow-up was associated with significantly poorer subsequent functioning on tests of attention. In addition, alcohol and drug withdrawal accounted for significant variance in visuospatial functioning, above and beyond demographic, educational, and health variables in detoxified late adolescents and young adults. Results suggest that alcohol and drug withdrawal may be a more powerful marker of protracted neuropsychological impairments than other indices of youthful alcohol and drug involvement. (JINS, 1999, 5, 481–493.)

Sociocultural Factors, Sensation Seeking, and Risk of Exposure to Substance Abuse Among Egyptian and Saudi Undergraduates

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Neama F. Kamel ◽  
Nagia I. Hassan ◽  
Wafaa E. Hashem ◽  
Friyal Mubarak Alqahtani ◽  
Mohammed AlAmer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Paternal Relationship

Background: Substance abuse is a major public health issue worldwide, particularly manifesting during the late adolescent and early adult period. Each culture has distinct beliefs and unique ways of raising children. Cultural differences in parenting beliefs and behaviors are an interesting area that enhances understanding of the nature of differences across cultures. Substance abuse risk may be related to family sociocultural factors; however, there are limited studies that address the relationships between pertinent variables. Objective: To examine and compare family sociocultural factors, sensation seeking, and risk of drug involvement among Egyptian and Saudi university students. Methods: The study employed a comparative correlational descriptive design using two-stage cluster sampling techniques. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires distributed to students enrolled in Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) in Saudi Arabia and Damanhur University (DU) in Egypt. Results: The study showed that Egyptian and Saudi students with a higher percentage of supportive parent relationships have less risk of drug involvement. In both countries, cigarette smoking was the first substance used. Moreover, factors predicting the risk of drug involvement and regression analysis revealed that male students had five times more risk of drug involvement than their female peers, keeping all other factors constant (OR = 5.734; 95%CI:3.231-10.174), while highly supportive paternal relationship reduced the risk of drug involvement by 85% (OR = 0.148; 95% CI: 0.045-0.489). Conclusion: The risk for substance abuse in both cultural settings was moderate, and smoking was the most common substance used. Moreover, a highly supportive paternal relationship reduced the risk of drug involvement by 85%.

The Impact of Drugs, Infants, Single Mothers, and Relatives on Reunification

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-214
Author(s):  
Kim Wittenstrom ◽  
Donald J. Baumann ◽  
John D. Fluke ◽  
J. Christopher Graham ◽  
Joyce James
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African American ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
American Children ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Main Effects

Using a Decision-Making Ecology (DME) approach and proportional hazards models, the study reviewed in this chapter isolated four case factor profiles that interacted strongly with race and resulted in disparate reunification outcomes for African American children compared with Anglos. The four interrelated factors were drug involvement, a solo infant case, single mothers, and relative placements. A cohort of 21,763 children from the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services who were placed for the first time in care, who were under 13, and were either Anglo or African American were followed for 20 months or more post entry into care. Starting with an initial model consisting of main effects only and consistent with other studies, African American children had a 12% lower hazard rate of reunification compared to Anglo children. However, when a set of case profiles involving combinations of single parents, single infants, drug involvements, and kinship placements were crossed with race, the magnitude of the effect of race on hazard rates fanned out from no difference to as much as 68% that of Anglo children. The results show that racial disparities in outcomes resulting from complex, contextual decision-making cannot be modeled well with simple main effects models.

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