scholarly journals Nucleus accumbens functional connectivity at age 20 is associated with trajectory of adolescent cannabis use and predicts psychosocial functioning in young adulthood

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1961-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Lichenstein ◽  
Samuel Musselman ◽  
Daniel S. Shaw ◽  
Stephanie Sitnick ◽  
Erika E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cannabis Use

scholarly journals Psychosocial functioning among regular cannabis users with and without cannabis use disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine T. Foster ◽  
Brooke J. Arterberry ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
Matt McGue ◽  
Brian M. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, cannabis accessibility has continued to rise as the perception of its harmfulness has decreased. Only about 30% of regular cannabis users develop cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear if individuals who use cannabis regularly without ever developing CUD experience notable psychosocial impairment across the lifespan. Therefore, psychosocial functioning was compared across regular cannabis users with or without CUD and a non-user control group during adolescence (age 17; early risk) and young adulthood (ages 18–25; peak CUD prevalence).MethodWeekly cannabis users with CUD (n = 311), weekly users without CUD (n = 111), and non-users (n = 996) were identified in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Groups were compared on alcohol and illicit drug use, psychiatric problems, personality, and social functioning at age 17 and from ages 18 to 25. Self-reported cannabis use and problem use were independently verified using co-twin informant report.ResultsIn both adolescence and young adulthood, non-CUD users reported significantly higher levels of substance use problems and externalizing behaviors than non-users, but lower levels than CUD users. High agreement between self- and co-twin informant reports confirmed the validity of self-reported cannabis use problems.ConclusionsEven in the absence of CUD, regular cannabis use was associated with psychosocial impairment in adolescence and young adulthood. However, regular users with CUD endorsed especially high psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial impairment. The need for early prevention and intervention – regardless of CUD status – was highlighted by the presence of these patterns in adolescence.

scholarly journals Parental Education, Ethnicity, and Functional Connectivity between Nucleus Accumbens and Frontoparietal Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Black People ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontoparietal Network

While studies have indicated an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and neuroimaging measures, weaker SES effects are shown for Blacks than Whites. This is, in part, due to processes such as stratification, racism, minoritization, and othering of Black people in the United States. However, less is known about Latino youth. This study had two aims: First, to test the association between parental education and the right and left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) resting-state functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network (FPN) in children; and second, to investigate ethnic heterogeneity in this association. This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity data (rsFC) of 10,840 US preadolescents who were between 9 and 10 years old. The main outcomes were the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN separately calculated for right and left hemispheres. Parental education was our independent variable. Family structure, sex, and age were covariates. Furthermore, ethnicity (Latino vs. non-Latino) was regarded as the moderator. We used mixed-effects regression for data analysis with and without interaction terms between parental education and ethnicity. Most participants (n = 8690; 80.2%) were non-Latino and 2150 (19.8%) were Latino. Parental education was associated with higher right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN. Ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental education, suggesting that the positive associations between parental education and right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN were different in non-Latino and Latino children. For right hemisphere, we found significantly stronger and for left hemisphere, we found significantly weaker association for Latino compared with non-Latino preadolescents. Preadolescents’ NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN depends on the intersections of ethnicity, parental education, and laterality.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impairment in offspring of depressed parents

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER M. LEWINSOHN ◽  
THOMAS M. OLINO ◽  
DANIEL N. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Paternal Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depressed Parents

Background. Offspring of depressed parents experience impairment in a number of domains of functioning. Few studies have examined the impact of both maternal and paternal depression and co-morbid psychopathology on offspring functioning.Method. Oregon Adolescent Depression Project participants were administered diagnostic interviews and completed measures of psychosocial functioning during adolescence (mean=16·6, S.D.=1·19) and again during young adulthood (mean=24·5, S.D.=0·51). Diagnostic interviews were also conducted with the mothers and fathers of the target individual.Results. After controlling for relevant demographic characteristics, parental co-morbid psychopathology, and offspring psychopathology, maternal depression was associated with higher levels of physical symptoms (β=0·14, S.E.=0·07) during adolescence, and higher levels of minor stressors (β=2·52, S.E.=1·07) and a greater risk for using mental health services (OR 1·86, 95% CI 1·14–3·03) in young adulthood. Paternal depression was associated with offspring experiencing more major stressors (β=0·27, S.E.=0·07), having lower perceived social competence (β=−0·17, S.E.=0·08), and being more likely to attempt suicide (OR 2·65, 95% CI 1·19–5·92) during adolescence, as well as lower perceived social competence (β=−1·21, S.E.=0·49) in young adulthood.Conclusions. Offspring of depressed parents demonstrate impairment in a variety of domains, even after controlling for the effects of their own psychopathology. Further research on the mechanisms that lead to these impairments, as well as the role of these impairments in the subsequent development of psychopathology, is warranted.

P.130 Oxytocin modulates alcohol-cue induced functional connectivity in the nucleus accumbens in heavy social drinkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S106-S107
Author(s):  
P. Bach ◽  
A. Koopmann ◽  
S. Bühler ◽  
S. Vollstädt-Klein ◽  
F. Kiefer
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Social Drinkers
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