scholarly journals Criteria for conceptualizing behavioural addiction should be informed by the underlying behavioural mechanism

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1720-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Tunney ◽  
Richard J. E. James
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Addiction ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Transient Rhythms in the Swimming Activity of Sarsia Tubulosa (Hydrozoa)

1982 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
JANET L. LEONARD
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) was used to assess the contribution of endogenous rhythms to the timing of swim bouts in a hydrozoan jellyfish, Sarsia tubulosa M. Sars. The results show that the high degree of variability in Sarsia swimming activity is due largely to the number of rhythms which may contribute to the behaviour and to the transient nature of these rhythms. I conclude that the ability to ‘choose’ among behavioural rhythms may be a widespread behavioural mechanism in cnidarians and I suggest that, in Sarsia, these transient behavioural rhythms may originate in activity of the marginal pacemaker system.

Behavioural mechanism of SBR, LDPE, and SBS modified bituminous mixtures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mansourian ◽  
Mahmoud Ameri ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Mirabi Moghaddam ◽  
Esmat Riahi ◽  
Hamid Shaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

scholarly journals Acoustic discrimination of sympatric morphs in Darwin's finches: a behavioural mechanism for assortative mating?

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1543) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Podos
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Acoustic Discrimination ◽  
Behavioural Types ◽  
Geospiza Fortis ◽  
Beak Size ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Populations with multiple morphological or behavioural types provide unique opportunities for studying the causes and consequences of evolutionary diversification. A population of the medium ground finch ( Geospiza fortis ) at El Garrapatero on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, features two beak size morphs. These morphs produce acoustically distinctive songs, are subject to disruptive selection and mate assortatively by morph. The main goal of the present study was to assess whether finches from this population are able to use song as a cue for morph discrimination. A secondary goal of this study was to evaluate whether birds from this population discriminate songs of their own locality versus another St Cruz locality, Borrero Bay, approximately 24 km to the NW. I presented territorial males with playback of songs of their own morph, of the other morph, and of males from Borrero Bay. Males responded more strongly to same-morph than to other-morph playbacks, showing significantly shorter latencies to flight, higher flight rates and closer approaches to the playback speaker. By contrast, I found only minor effects of locality on responsiveness. Evidence for morph discrimination via acoustic cues supports the hypothesis that song can serve as a behavioural mechanism for assortative mating and sympatric evolutionary divergence.

scholarly journals Is Dysfunctional Use of the Mobile Phone a Behavioural Addiction? Confronting Symptom-Based Versus Process-Based Approaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Billieux ◽  
Pierre Philippot ◽  
Cécile Schmid ◽  
Pierre Maurage ◽  
Jan De Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Behavioural Addiction

Quantifying dominance of adult female white-tailed deer in the presence of abundant food

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Michel ◽  
Stephen Demarais ◽  
Bronson K. Strickland ◽  
Jerrold L. Belant ◽  
Joshua J. Millspaugh
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Plastic Behaviour ◽  
Abundant Food ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Dominance is a behavioural mechanism that allows individuals to access and monopolize resources which should ultimately improve their fitness. Hierarchy strength should be strongest when resources are limited; however, this relationship is not consistent. We provided abundant food to assess whether hierarchy strength was consistent with resource abundance using 9 groups of captive female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We further assessed how body mass, age and testosterone levels were associated with rank position. Deer displayed a weak hierarchy with a mean linearity () of 0.39 (SD = 0.09) and a mean directional consistency index of 0.83 (SD = 0.06). Rank was related to body mass (, slope = 0.011), but not age or testosterone levels (). We demonstrate that hierarchy strength was weak in the presence of abundant food resources and suggest the possibility that dominance is a plastic behaviour that may vary with resource abundance.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Emotional Coping: A Pathway for Behavioural Addiction?

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Rougemont-Bücking ◽  
Jeremy Grivel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Behavioural Addiction

Social Interactions in Two Sympatric Salamanders: Effectiveness of a Highly Aggressive Strategy

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D. Anthony ◽  
Robert G. Jaeger ◽  
Jill A. Wicknick
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Plethodon Albagula ◽  
Plethodon Ouachitae ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

AbstractIn terrestrial plethodontid salamanders, aggressive behaviour is thought to function in the spacing of territorial residents among contested cover objects on the forest floor. Such behaviour, when exhibited toward heterospecifics, plays an important role in the competitive interactions between species. We compared levels of aggressive behaviour in intra- and interspecific contexts in two species of sympatric salamanders (Plethodon ouachitae and P. albagula) that have similar ecological requirements but differ in adult size. We also tested the effectiveness of such behaviour in holding cover objects (territorial foci) in the laboratory and on the forest floor. We predicted that if one species were more aggressive than the other, then that species would have greater success in obtaining and holding cover objects. In laboratory trials, residents of P. ouachitae (the smaller species) were extremely aggressive in both intra- and interspecific contexts. Individuals of P ouachitae delivered bites at a rate 14 times that of previously studied species of Plethodon and were significantly more likely to escalate to biting when tested as territorial residents (in intra- and interspecific trials) and as intruders (in interspecific trials). Plethodon albagula exhibited a lower level of aggression, similar to other species of Plethodon. In laboratory trials, in which salamanders competed for cover objects of differing quality, residents of P. ouachitae were effective in expelling conspecific intruders, and they were marginally effective at expelling intruding P. albagula. Residents of P. albagula were less effective in expelling conspecific intruders and did not expel intruding P. ouachitae. We conclude that the extreme aggression exhibited by P. ouachitae enabled it to expel intruders from artificial cover objects and to invade cover objects held by larger heterospecific residents. Field data supported intraspecific defence of cover objects by P. ouachitae, but results for P. albagula were inconclusive. These results are consistent with the geographic distributions of these species (P. ouachitae typically outnumbers P. albagula in the Ouachita Mountains) and provide an example of a behavioural mechanism overcoming a size-related disadvantage.

Behavioural Addiction: a Useful Construct?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Sinclair ◽  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Addiction

Female Choice in the Midwife Toads (Alytes Obstetricans and a. Cisternasii)

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Female Preference ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism ◽  
Alytes Obstetricans

AbstractA previous study reported that large males had greater mating success than small males in two species of midwife toads. A behavioural mechanism that would explain such a pattern is sought. Dominant frequency is inversely correlated with male size in Alytes obstetricans and A. cisternasii. In both cases, two-speaker playback tests with synthetic calls show that females have a significant preference for calls with low frequencies. The results shows that female preference may impose directional sexual selection upon a static acoustic character that is correlated with male size. Male Alytes tend their eggs on land, but male size is not correlated with hatching success. Therefore female preference for larger males does not appear to directly increase female fitness.

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