scholarly journals Commentary on Salom et al . (2016): Early onset substance use—a key target for prevention and early intervention

Addiction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Cheetham ◽  
Dan I. Lubman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Onset

PIENSA: Development of an Early Intervention Program for Adolescents With Early-Onset Psychosis and Their Families

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ruiz-Sancho ◽  
Ana Calvo ◽  
Marta Rapado-Castro ◽  
Miguel Moreno ◽  
Carmen Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Early Intervention Program ◽  
Early Onset Psychosis

Early intervention in personality disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
John M. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Attachment Process

Personality disorders have their onset in adolescence or early adulthood. It is now well-established that these conditions emerge in individuals who have heritable risk factors and who experience disruptions in the attachment process, a critical component of early development that, when successful, sets the stage for healthy, stable personality functioning in adulthood. The importance of early identification of, and intervention for, emerging personality disorders is increasingly recognized. A new dimensional model for personality disorders relies on assessing self and interpersonal functioning, impairment of which during adolescence may signal the early onset of potentially disabling personality disorders.

scholarly journals Emergency Medicine Research Priorities for Early Intervention for Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Hawk ◽  
Rachel Glick ◽  
Arthur Jey ◽  
Syndey Gaylor ◽  
Jamie Doucet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Medicine Research

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Mayet ◽  
Stéphane Legleye ◽  
François Beck ◽  
Bruno Falissard ◽  
Nearkasen Chau
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Gateway Theory ◽  
Initiation Sequence

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the transitions between tobacco (T), cannabis (C) and other illicit drugs (OIDs) initiations, to simultaneously explore several substance use theories: gateway theory (GT), common liability model (CLM) and route of administration model (RAM). Methods: Data from 2 French nationwide surveys conducted in 2005 and 2010 were used (16,421 subjects aged 18-34). Using reported ages at initiations, we reconstituted a retrospective cohort describing all initiation sequences between T, C and OID. Transition probabilities between the substances were computed using a Markov multi-state model that also tested the effect of 2 latent variables (item response theory scores reflecting propensity for early onset and further substance use) on all transitions. Results: T initiation was associated with increased likelihood of subsequent C initiation, but the reverse relationship was also observed. While the most likely initiation sequence among subjects who initiated the 3 groups of substances was the ‘gateway' sequence T → C → OID, this pattern was not associated with substance use propensity more than alternative sequences. Early use propensity was associated with the ‘gateway' sequence but also with some alternative ones beginning with T, C or OID. Conclusion: If the gateway sequence appears as the most likely pattern, in line with GT, the effects of early onset and substance use propensities were also observed for some alternative sequences, which is more in line with CLM. RAM could explain reciprocal interactions observed between T and C. This suggests shared influences of individual (personality traits) and environmental (substance availability, peer influence) characteristics.

Toward a Dynamic Developmental Model of the Role of Parents and Peers in Early Onset Substance Use

2010 ◽  
pp. 104-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Dodge ◽  
Patrick S. Malone ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
Shari Miller-Johnson ◽  
Gregory S. Pettit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Role Of Parents

scholarly journals S238. PATIENT ENGAGEMENT TO EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHOSIS SERVICES: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGAGEMENT PATTERNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S129-S130
Author(s):  
Candice Crocker ◽  
Michael Teehan ◽  
Zenovia Ursuliak ◽  
Jason Morrison ◽  
Nancy Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis

Abstract Background Within outpatient mental health services there exists an important awareness of the difficulties in engaging and maintaining contact with patients, as well as the understanding of the negative effects of disengagement, including worse patient outcomes and increased healthcare burden. Despite the importance of engagement on service delivery and recovery outcomes, few studies have examined rates and predictors of engagement in the early phase psychosis population. Although better than community care, it has been reported that an average of 30% of patients disengage from specialized early intervention services for psychosis (EIS). We examined rates of disengagement to a 5 year EIS for psychosis, including potential individual risk factors for disengagement at entry to service. Methods This cross-sectional cohort study examined engagement to services to a single EIS site from November 2006 to November 2016. Disengagement was determined retrospectively on review of medical records, defined as not attending to clinic services despite repeated attempts by clinicians/clinic for a three month time frame. Gender, age at clinic entry, ethnicity, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-30), General Assessment of Function (GAF), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), WHO-ASSIST version 3.0, and the Psychological General Well Being (PGWB)scale at entry to service were examined between groups. . Descriptive statistical and survival analyses for time to disengagement were conducted on the patient data set. Results 331 patient records were complete (with above scales) from entry to service to discharge or loss to follow-up. Patients were found to fall into 3 categories with regard to patterns of engagement. The first category we named “engagers” as they remained committed to their care throughout the program and comprised 50% of the sample. The second group were labeled the disengagers (20% of the group) and these were individuals who disengaged at some point in the program and did not return, in contrast to “intermittent engagers“ who comprised 30% of the sample. Intermittent engagers were patients who at some point during their care would meet criteria for disengagement but would re-engage later (still within the 5 years from entry to EIS) and complete the program. Absolute disengagement by the disengager group was predominantly prior to 12 months of treatment (78% of the group) with a survival analysis showing a median time to absolute disengagement of 8 months. The 3 groups though defined based on their engagement status, did not significantly differ in age, gender and ethnicity. Additionally, the clinician reported scores GAF and SOFAS did not differ between the groups. Patterns of substance use differed between the groups. There was a trend toward higher tobacco use in the two groups showing disengagement. Cannabis use did not differ significantly between groups but the pattern of use was highest in the disengagers followed by the engagers and then intermittent engagers. Alcohol use was significantly different between the groups with 81% of the disengagers having problem levels of alcohol use (WHO ASSIST v. 3.0 score above 4), however, there was no correlation between alcohol score and time to disengagement. Discussion Our retrospective study found a surprisingly large portion of the patient population will wax and wane in their commitment to health services but ultimately maintain attendance to complete the program, suggesting that patients should not be discharged early from EIS for psychosis. Substance use patterns and functional measures may identify patients who are at risk of early disengagement from EIS.

The Effects of Childhood ADHD Symptoms on Early-onset Substance Use: A Swedish Twin Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Chang ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Henrik Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd
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