Legal substance use and the development of a DSM-IV cannabis use disorder during adolescence: the TRAILS study

Addiction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Prince van Leeuwen ◽  
Hanneke E. Creemers ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst ◽  
Wilma A. M. Vollebergh ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Comparing Factor, Class, and Mixture Models of Cannabis Initiation and DSM Cannabis Use Disorder Criteria, Including Craving, in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Kubarych ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Ryne Estabrook ◽  
Alexis C. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Accumulating evidence suggests that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria for cannabis abuse and dependence are best represented by a single underlying factor. However, it remains possible that models with additional factors, or latent class models or hybrid models, may better explain the data. Using structured interviews, 626 adult male and female twins provided complete data on symptoms of cannabis abuse and dependence, plus a craving criterion. We compared latent factor analysis, latent class analysis, and factor mixture modeling using normal theory marginal maximum likelihood for ordinal data. Our aim was to derive a parsimonious, best-fitting cannabis use disorder (CUD) phenotype based on DSM-IV criteria and determine whether DSM-5 craving loads onto a general factor. When compared with latent class and mixture models, factor models provided a better fit to the data. When conditioned on initiation and cannabis use, the association between criteria for abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and craving were best explained by two correlated latent factors for males and females: a general risk factor to CUD and a factor capturing the symptoms of social and occupational impairment as a consequence of frequent use. Secondary analyses revealed a modest increase in the prevalence of DSM-5 CUD compared with DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence. It is concluded that, in addition to a general factor with loadings on cannabis use and symptoms of abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and craving, a second clinically relevant factor defined by features of social and occupational impairment was also found for frequent cannabis use.

scholarly journals Canadian Guidelines on Cannabis Use Disorder Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Bertram ◽  
Amy Porath ◽  
Dallas Seitz ◽  
Harold Kalant ◽  
Ashok Krishnamoorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Full Version ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Health Canada

BackgroundCannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is an emerging and diverse challenge among older adults.MethodsThe Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health, with financial support from Health Canada, has produced evidencebased guidelines on the prevention, identification, assessment, and treatment of this form of substance use disorder.ConclusionsOlder adults may develop CUD in the setting of recreational and even medical use. Clinicians should remain vigilant for the detection of CUD, and they should be aware of strategies for prevention and managing its emergence and consequences The full version of these guidelines can be accessed at www.ccsmh.ca.

scholarly journals Relationships between age at first substance use and persistence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán R. Millar ◽  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Bobby P. Smyth ◽  
Ivan J. Perry ◽  
Brian Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Abstract Background From a secondary prevention perspective, it is useful to know who is at greatest risk of progressing from substance initiation to riskier patterns of future use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between age at first use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and whether age of substance use onset is related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods We analysed data from Ireland’s 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those people who reported lifetime cannabis use. Multinomial, linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine relationships between age of substance use onset and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and having a CUD. Results When compared to former users, the odds of being a current cannabis user were found to be reduced by 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) and 4% (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) for each year of delayed alcohol and cannabis use onset, respectively. Among current users, significant inverse linear relationships were noted, with increasing age of first use of tobacco (β = − 0.547; P < .001) and cannabis (β = − 0.634; P < .001) being associated with a decreased frequency of cannabis use within the last 30 days. The odds of having a CUD were found to be reduced by 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) for each year of delayed tobacco and cannabis use onset respectively in analyses which examined survey participants aged 15–34 years. Conclusions Among people who report past cannabis use, it is those with a more precocious pattern of early use of substances, including alcohol, and especially tobacco and cannabis, who are more likely to report ongoing, heavy and problematic cannabis use. Secondary prevention initiatives should prioritise people with a pattern of very early onset substance use.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Concordance between DSM-5 and DSM-IV nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use disorder diagnoses among pediatric patients” [Drug Alcohol Depend. 140 (2014) 213–216]

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Kelly ◽  
Jan Gryczynski ◽  
Shannon Gwin Mitchell ◽  
Arethusa Kirk ◽  
Kevin E. O’Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Male-Dominated Occupations and Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832090810
Author(s):  
Bonnie Leadbeater ◽  
Megan E. Ames ◽  
Alejandra Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Male Dominated

This article examined associations between male-dominated occupations and substance use disorders in young adulthood, accounting for adolescent experiences of work intensity (more than 15 hr a week at 16 to 17 years of age) and substance use (i.e., smoking, heavy drinking, cannabis, and illicit drug use). The moderating effects of biological sex and coming from a family with a low socioeconomic status (SES) were also assessed. Data were from a 10-year prospective study of community-based youth aged 12–18 in 2003 (T1; N = 662; 48% male; Mage = 15.5, SD = 1.9). Their occupations at ages 22–29 were categorized so that higher scores indicated more male-dominated occupations. Young adults in male-dominated occupations (more than 75% males) had lower education, worked in less prestigious occupations, and earned higher hourly wages than those in the other gendered-occupation groups. Work intensity in high school was associated with substance use at ages 18–25 and substance use was also associated with alcohol- and cannabis-use disorder symptoms and illicit drug use in young adulthood (ages 22–29). Adding to these effects, employment in a male-dominated occupation was associated with more cannabis-use disorder symptoms for the low, but not the high SES group. Public health messages need greater focus on preventing substance use disorders among individuals employed in male-dominated jobs in young adulthood. Efforts to promote self-assessment of problematic substance use and motivation to change may be particularly important for young workers.

scholarly journals Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janika Heitmann ◽  
Peter J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The Difference

Current cognitive models of addiction imply that speeded detection and increased distraction from substance cues might both independently contribute to the persistence of addictive behavior. Speeded detection might lower the threshold for experiencing craving, whereas increased distraction might further increase the probability of entering a bias-craving-bias cycle, thereby lowering the threshold for repeated substance use. This study was designed to examine whether indeed both attentional processes are involved in substance use disorders. Both attentional processes were indexed by an Odd-One-Out visual search task in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 63) and cannabis use disorder (CUD; n = 28). To test whether the detection and/or the distraction component are characteristic for AUD and CUD, their indices were compared with matched individuals without these diagnoses (respectively, n = 63 and n = 28). Individuals with CUD showed speeded detection of cannabis cues; the difference in detection between AUD and the comparison group remained inconclusive. Neither the AUD nor the CUD group showed more distraction than the comparison groups. The sample size of the CUD group was relatively small. In addition, participants made relatively many errors in the attentional bias (AB) task, which might have lowered its sensitivity to detect ABs. The current study provided no support for the proposed role of increased distraction in CUD and AUD. The findings did, however, provide support for the view that speeded detection might be involved in CUD. Although a similar trend was evident for AUD, the evidence was weak and remained therefore inconclusive.

The Epidemiology of Substance Use Disorders among the Adult Jewish Population in Israel

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ruth Lev Bar-Or ◽  
Ariel Kor ◽  
Iman Jaljuli ◽  
Shaul Lev-Ran
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, having a profound and global impact on health, well-being, safety, and productivity. Although traditionally the prevalence of SUDs in Israel has been estimated to be lower than those in high-income countries, estimates and characteristics of individuals with SUDs in the past decade are lacking. In this work, we explored the prevalence of SUDs among the adult Jewish population in Israel, per different classes of substances across sex, age group, and other sociodemographic factors. Methods: Data from an online representative sample of 4,025 respondents were collected, including the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) metric and sociodemographic data. Results: We found that the most common SUDs were alcohol (10.5% [9.5–11.4]), cannabis (9.0% [8.2–9.9]), and sedative (3.6% [3.0–4.2]) use disorders. Alcohol-cannabis (3.2% [2.7–3.7]) and alcohol-sedative (1.04% [0.7–1.35]) were the most prevalent co-occurring SUDs. Among those with cannabis use disorder, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder was found to be 35.3% [30.4–40.2]. The estimated risk for alcohol use disorder was found to be inversely proportional to age, cannabis use disorder increased, peaked, and decreased with age, and that of sedative use disorder increased with age, particularly among women. While older individuals (in the 51–60 years of age group) were at lower risk (OR = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]) compared to those <20 years of age for alcohol use disorder, they were at increased risk for sedative use disorder (OR = 3.1 [1.2, 9.7]). Conclusions: These findings represent substantially higher rates of SUDs in Israel than those previously reported and should affect resources allocated to addiction prevention and treatment. Further research on the role of gender, age, culture, and ethnicity in the propensity to develop SUDs is necessary for the development of more focused preventive and intervention measures. Focusing on non-Jewish populations in Israel and broadening the scope to include behavioral addictions should be addressed in future studies.

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