scholarly journals Involving the cerebellum in cocaine-induced memory: pattern of cFos expression in mice trained to acquire conditioned preference for cocaine

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Carbo-Gas ◽  
Dolores Vazquez-Sanroman ◽  
Luisa Aguirre-Manzo ◽  
Genaro A. Coria-Avila ◽  
Jorge Manzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Preference ◽  
Memory Pattern

scholarly journals Neural Circuitry–Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Il Bin Kim ◽  
Seon-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Memory Pattern

Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry–neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.

scholarly journals Quantitative investigation of memory recall performance of a computational microcircuit model of the hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Andreakos ◽  
Shigang Yue ◽  
Vassilis Cutsuridis
Keyword(s):  
Recall Performance ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Great Cost ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Global Threshold ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Memory Pattern ◽  
Determining Factor

AbstractMemory, the process of encoding, storing, and maintaining information over time to influence future actions, is very important in our lives. Losing it, it comes with a great cost. Deciphering the biophysical mechanisms leading to recall improvement should thus be of outmost importance. In this study, we embarked on the quest to improve computationally the recall performance of a bio-inspired microcircuit model of the mammalian hippocampus, a brain region responsible for the storage and recall of short-term declarative memories. The model consisted of excitatory and inhibitory cells. The cell properties followed closely what is currently known from the experimental neurosciences. Cells’ firing was timed to a theta oscillation paced by two distinct neuronal populations exhibiting highly regular bursting activity, one tightly coupled to the trough and the other to the peak of theta. An excitatory input provided to excitatory cells context and timing information for retrieval of previously stored memory patterns. Inhibition to excitatory cells acted as a non-specific global threshold machine that removed spurious activity during recall. To systematically evaluate the model’s recall performance against stored patterns, pattern overlap, network size, and active cells per pattern, we selectively modulated feedforward and feedback excitatory and inhibitory pathways targeting specific excitatory and inhibitory cells. Of the different model variations (modulated pathways) tested, ‘model 1’ recall quality was excellent across all conditions. ‘Model 2’ recall was the worst. The number of ‘active cells’ representing a memory pattern was the determining factor in improving the model’s recall performance regardless of the number of stored patterns and overlap between them. As ‘active cells per pattern’ decreased, the model’s memory capacity increased, interference effects between stored patterns decreased, and recall quality improved.

Role of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 in the conditioned preference place induced by morphine in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
Carmen Lasheras ◽  
Ana González-Cuello ◽  
Maria Victoria Milanés ◽  
Maria Luisa Laorden
Keyword(s):  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Conditioned Preference

Olfactory Conditioning by Association with Histidine-Free or Balanced Amino Acid Loads in Rats†

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Simson ◽  
D. A. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Conditioned Aversion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Preference ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Protein Free Diet

An histidine-devoid but otherwise balanced amino acid mixture depressed food intake from 2 hr after its gastric intubation. It induced conditioned aversion to an odour incorporated in a protein-free diet presented for 6 h following intubation. In other rats, a balanced amino acid mixture established conditioned preference for odour presented in the same diet for 6 h following intubation. The degree of preference was considerably less than the degree of aversion.

scholarly journals Effect of musical training on auditory memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Costa ◽  
Cristina Nazaré
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Memory Pattern

Abstract Background Musical practice leads to cognitive development, requiring the activation of several processing mechanisms that are based on encoding and storing sounds through memory. The objective was to evaluate the auditory memory (ability to recognize tonal patterns) in musicians and non-musicians, comparing their performance. Methods Two groups with normal hearing and aged between 17 and 18 years old were compared, one of musicians (N = 14, with average of 8 years of musical training) and a control group (N = 14). Pure tone audiogram and an auditory working memory/pattern recognition test of non-verbal sounds (tonal) were performed. The participant heard 2 consecutive sequences of 6 tonal sounds each and had to say whether they were the same or different from each other. In total 30 pairs of sequences are presented (binaurally). Results The mean of percentage of correct responses in the memory/pattern recognition test was higher in musician’s group than in control group with statistically significant differences between groups (P = 0.002). The difference between the mean of percentage of correct responses in each group was 11.44%. Conclusions The musicians present better auditory memory/recognition of non-verbal (tonal) sounds in relation to the non-musicians, which points to the effectiveness of musical practice in the cognitive development of working memory and recognition of sound patterns. This study, according to others in the field, shows that musical training improves memory and auditory skills, which are known to be fundamental to the academic success of young people in this age group.

Neural networks of data inhibiting long memory pattern

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Masood A. Badri ◽  
Ahmed Al-Mutawa ◽  
Amr Murtagy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Memory Pattern
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