scholarly journals The Impact of Alcohol and Social Context on the Startle Eyeblink Reflex

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahyeon Kang ◽  
Konrad Bresin ◽  
Catharine E. Fairbairn
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Startle Eyeblink ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Social origin and educational attainment in China: a historical analysis of 70 birth cohorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Fang ◽  
Xiaotian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of social origin on educational attainment is conditioned on the social context in which people live. In recent decades, with changes in the Chinese society, how has the impact of social origin on educational inequality changed? Based on an analysis of 70 birth cohorts, this study details the effect of social origin on educational inequality and its trends over the past 70 years. The results of this study also indicate that the historical stages hypothesis (HSH) and model-shift hypothesis (MSH) emphasized in previous studies cannot fully describe the historical changes in educational inequality. In addition to macrosocial processes, there may exist other structural factors that also affect educational inequality but are neglected. The social context and its transformation, which shaped the relationship between social origin and educational inequality, need to be examined in more detail.

How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Killian Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
National Study ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

In most families today, childcare remains divided unequally between fathers and mothers. Scholars argue that persistence of the gendered division of childcare is due to multiple causes, including values about gender and family, disparities in paid work, class, and social context. It is likely that all of these factors interact, but to date researchers have not explored such interactions. To address this gap, we analyze nationally representative time-use data from Australia, Denmark, France, and Italy. These countries have different employment patterns, social and family policies, and cultural attitudes toward parenting and gender equality. Using data from matched married couples, we conduct a cross-national study of mothers’ and fathers’ relative time in childcare, divided along dimensions of task (i.e., routine versus non-routine activities) and co-presence (i.e., caring for children together as a couple versus caring solo). Results show that mothers’ and fathers’ work arrangements and education relate modestly to shares of childcare, and this relationship differs across countries. We find cross-national variation in whether more equal shares result from the behavior of mothers, fathers, or both spouses. Results illustrate the relevance of social context in accentuating or minimizing the impact of individual- and household-level characteristics.

scholarly journals Does a Live Performance Impact Synchronization to Musical Rhythm in Cognitively Impaired Elderly?

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-949
Author(s):  
Matthieu Ghilain ◽  
Lise Hobeika ◽  
Micheline Lesaffre ◽  
Loris Schiaratura ◽  
Ashmita Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Musical Stimulus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Background: Music-based interventions appear to be efficient approaches to improve emotional, social, and cognitive functioning of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Because benefits seem to increase with patient’s motor involvement, we studied sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) abilities of patients with cognitive impairments (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular and mixed dementia) and of patients with no evidence of cognitive impairments. More specifically, we compared the impact of a live performance by a musician to a video recording on SMS. Methods: SMS to a metronomic or a musical stimulus was assessed while patients watched a live musician or his pre-recorded video. Results: SMS to a metronome was better than to music but this effect was modulated by the social context. While SMS to a metronome was better when facing a video than a live performance, there was no impact of social context on SMS to music. No group differences of SMS were found. Conclusion: The decrease in SMS to a metronome in a live performance may be due to social pressure. Such a pressure might be removed in pleasant social activities, like moving with music in a group, explaining the lack of effect on SMS to music. We found no performance differences in groups, suggesting relatively spared SMS in cognitively impaired patients. By showing that it is possible to encourage patients to synchronize with others, even when facing a video, our results indicate that SMS can be used as a relevant predictor in clinical trials and open up promising therapeutic options for isolated patients.

The Impact of Digital Technology on Female Students’ Learning Experience in Partition-Rooms: Conditioned by Social Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam A. Elhussein ◽  
Dilek Dustegor ◽  
Naya Nagy ◽  
Amani K. Hamdan Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Impact

Individuality and habits in institutional economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-809
Author(s):  
Heath Spong
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper a sophisticated conception of individuality is developed that extends beyond simple heterogeneity and is consistent with the approach of institutional economics. Studies of human biological and psychological development are used to illustrate the foundations of human individuality and the impact of the social environment on individual development. The link between the social environment and ongoing agential properties is established through the role of habits, which provide some continuity to individual personalities over time and assist them in navigating the social context they inhabit. Reflexivity is established via an agency-structure framework that endows individuals a changeable self-concept and an ability to interpret their relationship to the social context. The coordination of different individuals is explained not simply through reference to institutional structure, but also through the agent-level properties of shared habits. While reducing differences between individuals to one of degrees, shared habits are shown to be particularly important in the context of agent-sensitive institutions. Finally, the potential for different institutional experiences to impact the reflexivity of individuals is explored.

The impact of social context on cigarette self-administration in nondependent smokers

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Reymarova ◽  
Hera E. Schlagintweit ◽  
Sean P. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
The Impact
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