Working Memory and Alcohol Use in At-Risk Adolescents: A 2-Year Follow-Up

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Peeters ◽  
Karin Monshouwer ◽  
Tim Janssen ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Wilma A. M. Vollebergh
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

scholarly journals Interactions between implicit and explicit cognition and working memory capacity in the prediction of alcohol use in at-risk adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien Thush ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Susan L. Ames ◽  
Jerry L. Grenard ◽  
Steve Sussman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Explicit Cognition ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

scholarly journals Children With Differing Developmental Trajectories of Prelinguistic Communication Skills: Language and Working Memory at Age 5

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1026-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sira Määttä ◽  
Marja-Leena Laakso ◽  
Asko Tolvanen ◽  
Timo Ahonen ◽  
Tuija Aro
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Prelinguistic Communication

Purpose In this article, the authors examine the developmental continuity from prelinguistic communication to kindergarten age in language and working memory capacity. Method Following work outlining 6 groups of children with different trajectories of early communication development (ECD; Määttä, Laakso, Tolvanen, Ahonen, & Aro, 2012), the authors examined their later development by psychometric assessment. Ninety-one children first assessed at ages 12–21 months completed a battery of language and working memory tests at age 5;3 (years;months). Results Two of the ECD groups previously identified as being at risk for language difficulties continued to show weaker performance at follow-up. Seventy-nine percent of the children with compromised language skills at follow-up were identified on the basis of the ECD groups, but the number of false positives was high. The 2 at-risk groups also differed significantly from the typically developing groups in the measures tapping working memory capacity. Conclusions In line with the dimensional view of language impairment, the accumulation of early delays predicted the amount of later difficulties; however, at the individual level, the prediction had rather low specificity. The results imply a strong link between language and working memory and call for further studies examining the early developmental interaction between language and memory.

Reducing the Risk of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies: A Study of a Motivational Intervention in Community Settings

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Counseling Session ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Motivational Intervention ◽  
Effective Contraception

Objectives. To test the feasibility and impact of a motivational intervention in reducing drinking and/or increasing effective contraception in women who are at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Methods. A multisite single-arm pilot study was conducted in 6 community settings in 3 large cities. A total of 2384 women were screened for eligibility; 230 were eligible on the basis of their alcohol use and lack of contraception. Of the eligible women, 190 consented and were enrolled, and 143 (75.3%) completed the 6-month follow-up. The intervention consisted of 4 manual-guided motivational counseling sessions delivered by mental health clinicians and 1 contraceptive counseling session delivered by a family planning clinician. Outcome measures include intervention completion rates, alcohol use (frequency, quantity, and bingeing), contraceptive use and effectiveness, and risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Results. Among women who completed the 6-month follow-up, 68.5% were no longer at risk of having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy; 12.6% of women who completed the program reduced drinking only; 23.1% used effective contraception only; and 32.9% reported both. Results were consistent across the 6 diverse high-risk settings. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that providing 4 sessions of motivational interviewing plus a contraception counseling session is feasible and strongly suggests that this intervention can decrease the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancy in women in high-risk settings. Additional investigation in a randomized controlled trial is warranted.

Apples and oranges? Comparing indirect measures of alcohol-related cognition predicting alcohol use in at-risk adolescents.

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien Thush ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Susan L. Ames ◽  
Jerry L. Grenard ◽  
Steve Sussman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

scholarly journals Screening and brief interventions for adolescent alcohol use disorders presenting through emergency departments: a research programme including two RCTs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Deluca ◽  
Simon Coulton ◽  
Mohammed Fasihul Alam ◽  
Sadie Boniface ◽  
Kim Donoghue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Background Alcohol consumption and related harm increase steeply from the ages of 12–20 years. Adolescents in the UK are among the heaviest drinkers in Europe. Excessive drinking in adolescents is associated with increased risk of accidents, injuries, self-harm, unprotected or regretted sex, violence and disorder, poisoning and accidental death. However, there is lack of clear evidence for the most clinically effective and cost-effective screening and brief interventions for reducing or preventing alcohol consumption in adolescents attending emergency departments (EDs). Objectives To estimate the distribution of alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems and alcohol use disorders in adolescents attending EDs; to develop age-appropriate alcohol screening and brief intervention tools; and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Design The research has been conducted in three linked stages: (1) a prevalence study, (2) intervention development and (3) two linked randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Setting Twelve EDs in England (London, North East, and Yorkshire and The Humber). Participants A total of 5376 participants in the prevalence study [mean age 13.0 years, standard deviation (SD) 2.0 years; 46.2% female] and 1640 participants in the two linked RCTs (mean age 15.6 years, SD 1.0 years; 50.7% female). Interventions Personalised feedback and brief advice (PFBA) and personalised feedback plus electronic brief intervention (eBI), compared with alcohol screening alone. These age-appropriate alcohol interventions were developed in collaboration with the target audience through a series of focus groups and evaluations during stage 2 of the research programme and following two literature reviews. Main outcome measures Total alcohol consumed in standard UK units (1 unit = 8 g of ethanol) over the previous 3 months at 12-month follow-up, assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Consumption (3 items) (AUDIT-C). Results In the prevalence study, 2112 participants (39.5%) reported having had a drink of alcohol that was more than a sip in their lifetime, with prevalence increasing steadily with age and reaching 89.5% at the age of 17 years. The prevalence of at-risk alcohol consumption was 15% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14% to 16%] and the optimum cut-off point of the AUDIT-C in identifying at-risk drinking was ≥ 3. Associations of alcohol consumption and early onset of drinking with poorer health and social functioning were also found. In the RCT, the analysis of the primary outcome (average weekly alcohol consumption at month 12) identified no significant differences in effect between the three groups in both trials. In the high-risk drinking trial, the mean difference compared with control was 0.57 (95% CI –0.36 to 1.70) for PFBA and 0.19 (95% CI –0.71 to 1.30) for eBI. In the low-risk drinking trial, the mean difference compared with control was 0.03 (95% CI –0.07 to 0.13) for PFBA and 0.01 (95% CI –0.10 to 0.11) for eBI. The health economic analysis showed that eBI and PFBA were not more cost-effective than screening alone. Conclusions The ED can offer an opportunity for the identification of at-risk alcohol use in adolescents. A simple, short, self-completed screening instrument, the AUDIT-C, is an effective tool for identifying adolescents who are at risk of alcohol-related problems. Associations of alcohol consumption and earlier onset of drinking with poorer health and social functioning were observed in the prevalence study. The trials were feasible to implement and exceeded the recruitment target and minimum follow-up rates. However, PFBA and eBI were not found to be more effective than screening alone in reducing or preventing alcohol consumption in 14- to 17-year-olds attending EDs. Limitations and future work Only one-third of participants engaged with the application program; this is likely to have limited the effect of the intervention. We recommend that future research should focus on methods to maximise engagement with digital interventions and evaluate the effect of such engagement on clinical outcomes. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45300218. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 8, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

scholarly journals Influence of motivational interviewing on explicit and implicit alcohol-related cognition and alcohol use in at-risk adolescents.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien Thush ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Mirjam Moerbeek ◽  
Susan L. Ames ◽  
Jerry L. Grenard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

scholarly journals Does action planning reduce anger and aggression in at-risk adolescents? A randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Castillo-Eito ◽  
Chris Armitage ◽  
Paul Norman ◽  
Richard Rowe
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

Background: Interventions that include action planning are more effective than others to reduce aggression among at-risk adolescents. However, they often include other behaviour change techniques. The efficiency of interventions could be improved if action planning on its own could reduce aggression. The current study investigates the effect of a volitional help sheet (VHS) that prompts the creation of action plans to manage anger in response to specific or generic anger triggers. It was hypothesised that participants completing the VHS would have lower levels of aggression and anger at follow-up. The moderation effects of violent intentions, callous-unemotional traits and negative urgency were also tested.Methods: One hundred adolescents (10-17 years old) with behavioural problems were recruited and randomised to three conditions: specific anger triggers, generic anger trigger or active control. An active control group was used to blind participants and teachers to group allocation. Self-reported data on anger and aggression was collected at baseline, one month and six months after intervention at the participants’ schools. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (identification number NCT03693209).Results: Eighty-one participants completed at least one follow-up and were included in the analysis. Neither VHS had a significant effect on anger or aggression overall, but moderator effects were found; both VHS were effective for participants with high callous-unemotional traits and low negative urgency. There were no differences between specific and generic triggers.Conclusions: Adolescents with high callous-unemotional traits have traditionally been seen as a difficult population to treat. The VHS is a cost-effective technique to reduce aggression in this population which is easy to implement. Future studies are needed to identify which behaviour change techniques are needed for other groups.

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