scholarly journals Age Differences in Ethanol Discrimination: Acquisition and Ethanol Dose Generalization Curves Following Multiple Training Conditions in Adolescent and Adult Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel I. Anderson ◽  
Linda P. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ethanol Dose ◽  
Training Conditions

scholarly journals What makes a landmark effective in adolescent and adult rats? Sex and age differences in a navigation task

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
V. D. Chamizo ◽  
M. N. Torres ◽  
C. A. Rodríguez ◽  
N. J. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Navigation Task ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Age differences in conditioning and generalization of fear in young and adult rats.

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne P. Frieman ◽  
Judy Warner ◽  
David C. Riccio
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Rats

Age Differences and the Interstimulus Interval Context in Long-Delay Taste-Aversion Conditioning of Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 636-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Hinderliter ◽  
James R. Misanin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Taste Aversion Conditioning ◽  
Aversion Conditioning ◽  
Context Cues

Young-adult and old-adult rats were allowed to remain in the conditioning context or were returned to their home cages during a 3-hr. interval to assess whether previously observed age differences in long-delay taste-aversion conditioning may be due to age differences in the use of home-cage cues to mediate the CS-US association over a long delay. The old adults but not the young adults showed an aversion irrespective of the context in which they were detained during the interstimulus interval. These results suggest that young-adult rats do not use the interstimulus context cues to mediate the association over a delay interval. They suggest, rather, that context cues, which are more contiguous with the US than taste cues in long-delay conditioning, may be more effective in overshadowing taste cues in young adults than in old adults.

Lack of Age Differences in Context-Illness Associations in the Long-Delay Taste-Aversion Conditioning of Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Misanin ◽  
Charles F. Hinderliter
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Taste Aversion Conditioning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Us ◽  
Aversion Conditioning

To evaluate whether previously observed age differences in long-delay taste aversion were due to age-related differences in the shared association of contextual cues and CS with the US, weanling, young-adult, and old-adult rats were given a NaCl or LiCl US immediately after or a LiCl US 3 hr. after a saccharin CS presentation in a black or white context. They were then given a context-preference test in a chamber which was half black and half white. Analysis showed rats, irrespective of age or conditioning context, spent a significantly smaller percentage of time on the white side than on the black side of the test chamber. These results suggest that age differences in long-delay taste-aversion conditioning are not due to age-related differences in the shared association of contextual cues and CS with the US.

scholarly journals Effects of monoamine depletion on the ketamine-induced locomotor activity of preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats: Sex and age differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 112267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Crawford ◽  
Andrea E. Moran ◽  
Timothy J. Baum ◽  
Matthew G. Apodaca ◽  
Nazaret R. Montejano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Monoamine Depletion ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

scholarly journals Blood-brain barrier and cerebral blood flow: Age differences in hemorrhagic stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana ◽  
Sindeeva Olga ◽  
Abdurashitov Arkady ◽  
Sindeev Sergey ◽  
Zinchenko Ekaterina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Neonatal Stroke ◽  
Blood Brain

Neonatal stroke is similar to the stroke that occurs in adults and produces a significant morbidity and long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits. There are important differences in the factors, clinical events and outcomes associated with the stroke in infants and adults. However, mechanisms underlying age differences in the stroke development remain largely unknown. Therefore, treatment guidelines for neonatal stroke must extrapolate from the adult data that is often not suitable for children. The new information about differences between neonatal and adult stroke is essential for identification of significant areas for future treatment and effective prevention of neonatal stroke. Here, we studied the development of stress-induced hemorrhagic stroke and possible mechanisms underlying these processes in newborn and adult rats. Using histological methods and magnetic resonance imaging, we found age differences in the type of intracranial hemorrhages. Newborn rats demonstrated small superficial bleedings in the cortex while adult rats had more severe deep bleedings in the cerebellum. Using Doppler optical coherent tomography, we found higher stress-reactivity of the sagittal sinus to deleterious effects of stress in newborn vs. adult rats suggesting that the cerebral veins are more vulnerable to negative stress factors in neonatal vs. adult brain in rats. However, adult but not newborn rats demonstrated the stroke-induced breakdown of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. The one of possible mechanisms underlying the higher resistance to stress-related stroke injures of cerebral vessels in newborn rats compared with adult animals is the greater expression of two main tight junction proteins of BBB (occludin and claudin-5) in neonatal vs. mature brain in rats.

scholarly journals Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel D. Altshuler ◽  
Kristine T. Garcia ◽  
Xuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adolescent Rats ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Relapse is a major obstacle to curb the ongoing epidemic of prescription opioid abuse. We and others previously demonstrated that oxycodone seeking in adult rats progressively increases after abstinence from oxycodone self-administration (incubation of oxycodone craving). In humans, the onset of oxycodone use in adolescents may increase individuals’ vulnerability to later opioid addiction. However, little is known about incubation of oxycodone craving after adolescent-onset oxycodone self-administration in rats. In the first study, we trained single-housed adolescent (postnatal day 35 at start) and adult (postnatal day 77 at start) male Sprague–Dawley rats to self-administer oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion, 6 h/day for 10 days) and then tested oxycodone relapse on both abstinence day 1 and day 15. Given that social experience is critical for neurobehavioral development in adolescents, we performed the second study using group-housed adolescent and adult rats. In both studies, we observed no age differences in oxycodone self-administration and incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. However, on abstinence day 1, we observed decreased oxycodone seeking in adolescents compared with adults. This pattern of data led to elevated incubation slopes in adolescent rats compared with adult rats. Finally, group-housed rats exhibited attenuated oxycodone seeking compared with single-housed rats on abstinence day 15, but not on day 1. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescents may be resistant to oxycodone relapse during early abstinence, but this resistance dissipates quickly during the transition between adolescent and young adulthood. In addition, group-housing plays a protective role against incubated oxycodone craving.

Further Studies on the Ultrastructure of Harderian Gland in Adult Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
Guadalupe Tapia-Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cell Components

The fine structure of the Harderian gland has been described in some animal species (hamster, rabbit, mouse, domestic fowl and albino rats). There are only two reports in the literature dealing on the ultrastructure of rat Harderian gland in adult animals. In one of them the author describes the myoepithelial cells in methacrylate-embbeded tissue, and the other deals with the maturation of the acinar cells and the formation of the secretory droplets. The aim of the present work is to analize the relationships among the acinar cell components and to describe the two types of cells located at the perifery of the acini.

Biodegradable polyester neuroprostheses promote the reconnection of separated peripheral nerve stubs

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1094-1095
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Giammara ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevenson ◽  
Peggy E. Yates ◽  
Robert H. Gunderson ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Biodegradable Polyester ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Type Iv

An 11mm length of sciatic nerve was removed from 10 anesthetized adult rats and replaced by a biodegradable polyester Vicryl™ mesh sleeve which was then injected with the basement membrane gel, Matrigel™. It was noted that leg sensation and movement were much improved after 30 to 45 days and upon sacrifice nerve reconnection was noted in all animals. Epoxy sections of the repaired nerves were compared with those of the excised segments by the use of a variation of the PAS reaction, the PATS reaction, developed in our laboratories for light and electron microscopy. This microwave-accelerated technique employs periodic acid, thiocarbohydrazide and silver methenamine. It stains basement membrane or Type IV collagen brown and type III collagen (reticulin), axons, Schwann cells, endoneurium and perineurium black. Epoxy sections of repaired and excised nerves were also compared by toluidine blue (tb) staining. Comparison of the sections of control and repaired nerves was done by computer-assisted microscopic image analysis using an Olympus CUE-2 Image Analysis System.

High-voltage EM description of the types and distribution of sensory endings in the inner conical body of the rat vibrissal follicle-sinus complex

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Tony M. Mosconi ◽  
Min J. Song ◽  
Frank L. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Conical Body ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Perpendicular Plane ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Sensory Endings

Whiskers or vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs) on the snouts of many mammalian species are structures that have complex, dense sensory innervation. The innervation of F-SCs is remarkably similar in all species with the exception of one site - the inner conical body (ICB). The ICB is an elongated cylindrical structure that encircles the hair shaft near the neck of the follicle. This site has received only cursory attention in ultrastructural studies of the F-SCAdult rats were perfused after the method of Renehan and Munger2. F-SCs were quartered longitudinally and embedded separately in Epon-Araldite. Serial 0.25 μm sections were cut in either the longitudinal or perpendicular plane through the ICB and examined with an AEI EM7 1.2 MV HVEM (Albany, NY) at 1000 KV. Sensory endings were reconstructed from serial micrographs through at least 20 μm in the longitudinal plane and through 10 μm in the perpendicular plane.From two to six small superficial vibrissal nerves converge upon the neck of the F-SC and descend into the ICB. The nerves branch into smaller bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons along the dorsal side of the hair shaft.

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