scholarly journals Local Changes in Neurosteroid Levels in the Substantia Nigra Reticulata and the Ventral Tegmental Area Alter Chronic Ethanol Withdrawal Severity in Male Withdrawal Seizure-Prone Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Tanchuck ◽  
Debra K. Cozzoli ◽  
Ingrid He ◽  
Katherine R. Kaufman ◽  
Christopher Snelling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Substantia Nigra Reticulata ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

The Evolving Understanding of Dopamine Neurons in the Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Gantz ◽  
Christopher P. Ford ◽  
Hitoshi Morikawa ◽  
John T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

Cardiovascular depressor responses to stimulation of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. H2549-H2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert J. Kirouac ◽  
John Ciriello
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Transitional Region ◽  
Pars Lateralis ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were done in α-chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats to investigate the effect ofl-glutamate (Glu) stimulation of the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) on arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR). Glu stimulation of the SN pars compacta (SNC) elicited decreases in both mean AP (MAP; −18.9 ± 1.3 mmHg; n = 52) and HR (−26.1 ± 1.6 beats/min; n = 46) at 81% of the sites stimulated. On the other hand, stimulation of the SN pars lateralis or pars reticulata did not elicit cardiovascular responses. Stimulation of the adjacent VTA region elicited similar decreases in MAP (−18.0 ± 2.6 mmHg; n = 20) and HR (−25.4 ± 3.8 beats/min; n = 17) at ∼74% of the sites stimulated. Intravenous administration of the dopamine D2-receptor antagonist raclopride significantly attenuated both the MAP (70%) and the HR (54%) responses elicited by stimulation of the transitional region where the SNC merges with the lateral VTA (SNC-VTA region). Intravenous administration of the muscarinic receptor blocker atropine methyl bromide had no effect on the magnitude of the MAP and HR responses to stimulation of the SNC-VTA region, whereas administration of the nicotinic receptor blocker hexamethonium bromide significantly attenuated both the depressor and the bradycardic responses. These data suggest that dopaminergic neurons in the SNC-VTA region activate a central pathway that exerts cardiovascular depressor effects that are mediated by the inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers to the vasculature and cardioacceleratory fibers to the heart.

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