Does skeletal muscle have an ‘epi’‐memory? The role of epigenetics in nutritional programming, metabolic disease, aging and exercise

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high glycemic levels for long periods. This disease has a high prevalence in the world population, being currently observed an increase in its incidence. This fact is mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets. Non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control include exercise, which promotes changes in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Thus, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and decreased insulin resistance through modulating adipocytes are the main factors that improve glycemic control against diabetes. Conclusion: It was sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in the improvement of glycemic control in diabetics in front of the exercise.

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Essential Role of Septin 7 in Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function

Biophysical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 258a

Author(s):

Laszlo Csernoch ◽

Mónika Gönczi ◽

Zsolt Ráduly ◽

László Szabó ◽

Nóra Dobrosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Essential Role ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Muscle Structure ◽

And Function

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Determinants of maximal whole-body fat oxidation in elite cross-country skiers: Role of skeletal muscle mitochondria

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1111/sms.13298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 2494-2504 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sune Dandanell ◽

Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby ◽

Andreas B. Andersen ◽

Paul F. Lang ◽

Laura Oberholzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Muscle Mitochondria ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽

Cross Country

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Confounding Roles of ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2567

Author(s):

Yann S. Gallot ◽

Kyle R. Bohnert

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Er Stress ◽

Unfolded Protein Response ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽

Unfolded Protein ◽

The Individual ◽

The Unfolded Protein Response ◽

Protein Response

Skeletal muscle is an essential organ, responsible for many physiological functions such as breathing, locomotion, postural maintenance, thermoregulation, and metabolism. Interestingly, skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, capable of adapting to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Skeletal muscle contains a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, composed of an extensive network of tubules. In addition to the role of folding and trafficking proteins within the cell, this specialized organelle is responsible for the regulated release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytoplasm to trigger a muscle contraction. Under various stimuli, such as exercise, hypoxia, imbalances in calcium levels, ER homeostasis is disturbed and the amount of misfolded and/or unfolded proteins accumulates in the ER. This accumulation of misfolded/unfolded protein causes ER stress and leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, the role of the UPR in skeletal muscle has only just begun to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress and UPR markers are drastically induced in various catabolic stimuli including cachexia, denervation, nutrient deprivation, aging, and disease. Evidence indicates some of these molecules appear to be aiding the skeletal muscle in regaining homeostasis whereas others demonstrate the ability to drive the atrophy. Continued investigations into the individual molecules of this complex pathway are necessary to fully understand the mechanisms.

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Chronic Ouabain Prevents Na,K-ATPase Dysfunction and Targets AMPK and IL-6 in Disused Rat Soleus Muscle

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3920

Author(s):

Violetta V. Kravtsova ◽

Inna I. Paramonova ◽

Natalia A. Vilchinskaya ◽

Maria V. Tishkova ◽

Vladimir V. Matchkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Single Injection ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Hindlimb Suspension ◽

Muscle Disuse ◽

Rat Soleus Muscle ◽

Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Specific Ligand

Sustained sarcolemma depolarization due to loss of the Na,K-ATPase function is characteristic for skeletal muscle motor dysfunction. Ouabain, a specific ligand of the Na,K-ATPase, has a circulating endogenous analogue. We hypothesized that the Na,K-ATPase targeted by the elevated level of circulating ouabain modulates skeletal muscle electrogenesis and prevents its disuse-induced disturbances. Isolated soleus muscles from rats intraperitoneally injected with ouabain alone or subsequently exposed to muscle disuse by 6-h hindlimb suspension (HS) were studied. Conventional electrophysiology, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy with cytochemistry were used. Acutely applied 10 nM ouabain hyperpolarized the membrane. However, a single injection of ouabain (1 µg/kg) prior HS was unable to prevent the HS-induced membrane depolarization. Chronic administration of ouabain for four days did not change the α1 and α2 Na,K-ATPase protein content, however it partially prevented the HS-induced loss of the Na,K-ATPase electrogenic activity and sarcolemma depolarization. These changes were associated with increased phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase and p70 protein, accompanied with increased mRNA expression of interleikin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor. Considering the role of AMPK in regulation of the Na,K-ATPase, we suggest an IL-6/AMPK contribution to prevent the effects of chronic ouabain under skeletal muscle disuse.

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