New evidence for diplomacy between the Mediterranean and South Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-477
Author(s):  
Mikhail Bukharin
Keyword(s):  
South Arabia ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Evidence

A ‘Mediterranean New Left’? Comparing and Contrasting the French PSU and the Italian PSIUP

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL A. GORDON
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
New Left ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Self Management ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractThis article argues that Gerd-Rainer Horn's model of a ‘Mediterranean New Left’ encompassing both the French Parti socialiste unifié (PSU, 1960–1990) and the Italian Partito socialista italiano di unità proletaria (PSIUP, 1964–1972) needs to be significantly revised. It agrees that, half a century on from the events which gave rise to their foundation, this much misunderstood part of the political spectrum, midway between social democracy and the far left, is worthy of rescue from the ‘enormous condescension of posterity’, but questions how similar the two parties actually were. Major differences emerge, especially in the nature of each party's relationship with communism, with the philosovietism of the PSIUP contrasting with the PSU's evolution towards an anti-Leninist decentralist socialism of self-management. Yet, at the same time, important new evidence is uncovered about the concrete political and personal links that developed between leading intellectuals of the PSIUP and PSU, an example being the friendship of the Italian parliamentarian and theorist Lelio Basso with the journalist Gilles Martinet, later French ambassador to Italy. Other transnational links, both across the Mediterranean and to eastern Europe, are explored. Furthermore, the location of the roots of both parties in the 1940s generation of anti-fascist resistance calls into question prevailing assumptions equating the New Left with the youth of the 1960s, with wider implications for our understanding of the development of the European left across the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Great Aksumite Decorated Stelae: Architectural Characteristics, Functions, and Meanings

Aethiopica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Manzo
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
South Arabia ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Architectural Characteristics

The article presents a review of the architectural and iconographic features of the big decorated Aksumite stelae in the May Ḥǝǧǧa stelae field at Aksum. Their location in the urban setting of ancient Aksum is scrutinized alongside their ceremonial and ideological function. The origin and meaning of the different features and decorative patterns characterizing the stelae are focused upon. It is suggested that these attributes may reflect ideological traits regarded as crucial by the Askumite kings and the elite in the first centuries CE. Moreover, it is demonstrated how some of these features are rooted in the local traditions, while others are related to the intense interactions the ancient Aksum had with neighbouring regions, such as the Mediterranean area and South Arabia. In particular, a new interpretation is proposed for the very distinctive outline of the top of the monuments: it may have been shaped after a specific type of shield also occurring in Meroitic and Post-Meroitic Nubia. Finally, it is suggested that the role these monuments may have played in ceremonies aimed at shaping the Aksumite identity.

Some observations on Greek and Latin data relating to South Arabia

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. L. Beeston
Keyword(s):  
South Arabia ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alternative Routes

It is well known that, according to Pliny, the originating terminal for caravans conveying frankincense from South Arabia to the Mediterranean was at Shabwa; and there has been much talk of an ‘incense road’ followed by those caravans. It is, however, very unlikely that there was any single ‘road’ invariably followed. More probably, there was a multiplicity of routes, any one of which might be chosen according to prevailing circumstances. One such route runs directly from Shabwa to the eastern end of the Wādī Jawf, across a gravel corridor bisecting the Sayhad sand-desert, surveyed by Philby in 1936. The possibility of this route has been disregarded mainly because of a widely prevalent but tendentious translation of Pliny's remark, ‘evehi non potest nisi per Gebbanitas’, as ‘[the frankincense] cannot be exported [from Shabwa] except through the land of the Gebbanites’, where the text says nothing about a ‘land’ but merely ‘by the Gebbanites’. Other possible routes are one skirting the southern edge of the sand-desert and passing through Tumna', and one reaching the upper Wādī Bayḥān by way of Nisab and the Wadi Markha. West of Bayhan, the passes of Nagd. Marqad and Mablaqa clearly represent alternative routes.

scholarly journals Characterization of new small ruminant lentivirus subtype B3 suggests animal trade within the Mediterranean Basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1923-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bertolotti ◽  
M. Mazzei ◽  
G. Puggioni ◽  
M. L. Carrozza ◽  
S. Dei Giudici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Linear Epitopes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Animal Trade

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) represent a group of viruses infecting sheep and goats worldwide. Despite the high heterogeneity of genotype A strains, which cluster into as many as ten subtypes, genotype B was believed to be less complex and has, so far, been subdivided into only two subtypes. Here, we describe two novel full-length proviral sequences isolated from Sarda sheep in two Italian regions. Genome sequence as well as the main linear epitopes clearly placed this cluster into genotype B. However, owing to long-standing segregation of this sheep breed, the genetic distances that are clearly >15 % with respect to B1 and B2 subtypes suggest the designation of a novel subtype, B3. Moreover the close relationship with a gag sequence obtained from a Turkish sheep adds new evidence to historical data that suggest an anthropochorous dissemination of hosts (small ruminants) and their pathogens (SRLV) during the colonization of the Mediterranean from the Middle East.

Pre-Zanclean end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis: new evidence from central Mediterranean reference sections

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-183
Author(s):  
Speranta-Maria Popescu ◽  
William Cavazza ◽  
Jean-Pierre Suc ◽  
Mihaela Carmen Melinte-Dobrinescu ◽  
Nadia Barhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Stratotype Section ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The concept of a geologically instantaneous earliest Zanclean reflooding of the Mediterranean Basin after the Messinian drawdown has dominated geological thinking and is ingrained in the scientific literature. The base of the Trubi Formation in southern Italy, formally defined as the Zanclean Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at 5.33 Ma, has traditionally been considered as marking the marine reflooding of the Mediterranean. However, several studies provide evidence that marine reflooding occurred prior to the Zanclean GSSP, the most reliable of which comes from southern Calabria. Here, we show that the sedimentary coastal prism cropping out extensively immediately below the base of the Trubi Formation in this region and correlatable with the Arenazzolo Unit in Sicily contains a fully marine micropalaeontological association of calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellate cysts, thus pointing to both a high sea-level and marine conditions before deposition of the Trubi Formation (i.e. in the latest Messinian).

To Hegra through al-Qusayr. The al-'Ula-al-Wajh Survey Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew T. Fiema
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
South Arabia ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sea Coast

The al-ʿUlā – al-Wajh Survey Project deals with ancient trade routes between al-ʿUlā and Madāʿin ʿāliʿ (ancient Hegra) and the Red Sea in the area of al-Wajh in NW Saudi Arabia. This investigation is related to economics of long-distance maritime and caravan trade and the utilization of the "Incense Route" which served to convey frankincense and other commodities from South Arabia to the Mediterranean during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The Project is also concerned with the localization of Nabataean seaports on the Red Sea coast, such as Leuke Kome and Egra Kome. The results of two fieldwork seasons are presented including a potential caravan route to Hegra along the Wādī al-ʿamʿ. The site of Nabataean al-Qusayr is highlighted here as the finds from there indicate a participation in the long-distance trade between the Mediterranean, Egypt and the Red Sea region.

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