Microbe-mediated control ofAspergillus flavusin stored rice grains with a focus on aflatoxin inhibition and biodegradation

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mannaa ◽  
J.Y. Oh ◽  
K.D. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rice Grains ◽  
Aflatoxin Inhibition

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Milling and Parboiling Processes on Arsenic Species Distribution in Rice Grains

Rice Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Fontanella ◽  
Maria Martin ◽  
Daniele Tenni ◽  
Gian Maria Beone ◽  
Marco Romani
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Rice Grains

scholarly journals Pb Content, Risk Level and Primary-Source Apportionment in Wheat and Rice Grains in the Lihe River Watershed, Taihu Region, Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6256
Author(s):  
Lian Chen ◽  
Shenglu Zhou ◽  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Qingrong Li ◽  
Dongxu Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Rice Grains

This study detailed a complete research from Lead (Pb) content level to ecological and health risk to direct- and primary-sources apportionment arising from wheat and rice grains, in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu region, East China. Ecological and health risk assessment were based on the pollution index and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk assessment model. A three-stage quantitative analysis program based on Pb isotope analysis to determine the relative contributions of primary sources involving (1) direct-source apportionment in grains with a two-end-member model, (2) apportionment of soil and dustfall sources using the IsoSource model, and (3) the integration of results of (1) and (2) was notedly first proposed. The results indicated that mean contents of Pb in wheat and rice grains were 0.54 and 0.45 mg/kg and both the bio-concentration factors (BCF) were <<1; the ecological risk pollution indices were 1.35 for wheat grains and 1.11 for rice grains; hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult and child indicating health risks through ingestion of grains were all <1; Coal-fired industrial sources account for up to 60% of Pb in the grains. This study provides insights into the management of grain Pb pollution and a new method for its source apportionment.

scholarly journals Selective Arcing Electrostatically Eradicates Rice Weevils in Rice Grains

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Koji Kakutani ◽  
Yoshihiro Takikawa ◽  
Yoshinori Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Voltage Generator ◽  
Metal Plates

We developed an arc discharge exposer (ADE) that kills rice weevils nesting in dried rice. The ADE features multiple identical metal plates, half of these are linked to a voltage generator and the others are grounded. The plates were arrayed in parallel and an electric field formed between them. Any insect entering the field was arced from the negatively charged plate and killed. The ADE was placed on a vessel containing pest-infested rice grains; the insects were lured out of the grains by mechanically vibrating the vessel. When rice grains move, insects tend to climb upward, thus, the weevils were effectively removed. Our electrostatic apparatus is easy to construct and could be used to control pests in stored rice.

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