Optimal Drug Control under Risk of Drug Resistance - The Case of African Animal Trypanosomosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Liebenehm ◽  
Bernard Bett ◽  
Cristobal Verdugo ◽  
Mohamed Said
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis

Mycobacterial DNA Replication as a Target for Antituberculosis Drug Discovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 2129-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Płocinska ◽  
Malgorzata Korycka-Machala ◽  
Przemyslaw Plocinski ◽  
Jaroslaw Dziadek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antituberculosis Drug ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Antituberculosis Therapy ◽  
Optimal Drug

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a leading infectious disease organism, causing millions of deaths each year. This serious pathogen has been greatly spread worldwide and recent years have observed an increase in the number of multi-drug resistant and totally drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains (WHO report, 2014). The danger of tuberculosis becoming an incurable disease has emphasized the need for the discovery of a new generation of antimicrobial agents. The development of novel alternative medical strategies, new drugs and the search for optimal drug targets are top priority areas of tuberculosis research. Factors: Key characteristics of mycobacteria include: slow growth, the ability to transform into a metabolically silent - latent state, intrinsic drug resistance and the relatively rapid development of acquired drug resistance. These factors make finding an ideal antituberculosis drug enormously challenging, even if it is designed to treat drug sensitive tuberculosis strains. A vast majority of canonical antibiotics including antituberculosis agents target bacterial cell wall biosynthesis or DNA/RNA processing. Novel therapeutic approaches are being tested to target mycobacterial cell division, twocomponent regulatory factors, lipid synthesis and the transition between the latent and actively growing states. Discussion and Conclusion: This review discusses the choice of cellular targets for an antituberculosis therapy, describes putative drug targets evaluated in the recent literature and summarizes potential candidates under clinical and pre-clinical development. We focus on the key cellular process of DNA replication, as a prominent target for future antituberculosis therapy. We describe two main pathways: the biosynthesis of nucleic acids precursors – the nucleotides, and the synthesis of DNA molecules. We summarize data regarding replication associated proteins that are critical for nucleotide synthesis, initiation, unwinding and elongation of the DNA during the replication process. They are pivotal processes required for successful multiplication of the bacterial cells and hence they are extensively investigated for the development of antituberculosis drugs. Finally, we summarize the most potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis and provide an up to date report on their status in the clinical trials.

Measuring the costs of African animal trypanosomosis, the potential benefits of control and returns to research

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Kristjanson ◽  
B.M. Swallow ◽  
G.J. Rowlands ◽  
R.L. Kruska ◽  
P.N. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis

scholarly journals Climate, Cattle Rearing Systems and African Animal Trypanosomosis Risk in Burkina Faso

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaïla Pagabeleguem ◽  
Mamadou Sangaré ◽  
Zakaria Bengaly ◽  
Massouroudin Akoudjin ◽  
Adrien M. G. Belem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Trypanosomosis Risk ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Cattle Rearing

Optimal drug control in a four‐dimensional HIV infection model

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Shamsara ◽  
Zahra Afsharnezhad ◽  
Sohrab Effati
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Hiv Infection Model

scholarly journals Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumar Diall ◽  
Giuliano Cecchi ◽  
Gift Wanda ◽  
Rafael Argilés-Herrero ◽  
Marc J.B. Vreysen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis

scholarly journals The Pathogenesis of Anaemia in African Animal Trypanosomosis

Anemia ◽  
10.5772/29469 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savino Biryomumaisho ◽  
E. Katunguka-Rwakishay
Keyword(s):  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis

scholarly journals A national atlas of tsetse and African animal trypanosomosis in Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boucader Diarra ◽  
Modibo Diarra ◽  
Oumar Diall ◽  
Boubacar Bass ◽  
Youssouf Sanogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis

Abstract Background Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis is a deadly, neglected tropical disease and a major challenge for mixed crop-livestock agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by several species of the genus Trypanosoma. Information on the occurrence of tsetse flies and African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is available for different areas of Mali. However, these data have never been harmonized and centralized, which prevents the development of comprehensive epidemiological maps and constrains an evidence-based planning of control actions. To address this challenge, we created a dynamic geo-spatial database of tsetse and AAT distribution in Mali. Methods A digital repository containing epidemiological data collected between 2000 and 2018 was assembled. In addition to scientific publications, the repository includes field datasheets, technical reports and other grey literature. The data were verified, harmonized, georeferenced and integrated into a single spatially-explicit database. Results For the tsetse component, approximately 19,000 trapping records, corresponding to 6000 distinct trapping locations and 38,000 flies were included in the database. Glossina palpalis gambiensis was the most widespread and abundant species, and it was found in the southern, southern-central and western parts of the country. Glossina tachinoides was only found in the South. Only a few specimens of Glossina morsitans submorsitans were detected. For the AAT component, approximately 1000 survey records were included, corresponding to 450 distinct survey sites and 37,000 tested bovines. AAT was found in all surveyed regions, although data for the tsetse-free North and North-East are lacking. Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense were the dominant species, while Trypanosoma brucei infections were much less numerous. Conclusions The atlas of tsetse and AAT in Mali provides a synoptic view of the vector and disease situation at the national level. Still, major geographical gaps affect the North, the North-East and the West, and there is also a severe lack of data over the past five years. Trypanosomosis remains a major animal health problem in Mali. However, despite its prevalence and distribution, monitoring and control activities are presently very limited. Efforts should be made to strengthen the progressive control of AAT in Mali, and the atlas provides a new tool to identify priority areas for intervention.

scholarly journals Drug quality analysis of isometamidium chloride hydrochloride and diminazene diaceturate used for the treatment of African animal trypanosomosis in West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Bengaly ◽  
Sèna Hervé Vitouley ◽  
Martin Bienvenu Somda ◽  
André Zongo ◽  
Assiongbon Têko-Agbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Drug Quality ◽  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis
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