Identifying Important Factors for Closing the Gap in Labour Force Status between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (291) ◽  
pp. 536-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyonne Kalb ◽  
Trinh Le ◽  
Boyd Hunter ◽  
Felix Leung
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Closing The Gap

scholarly journals Closing the (incarceration) gap: Assessing the socio-economic and clinical indicators of Indigenous males by lifetime incarceration status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane M Shepherd ◽  
Benjamin Spivak ◽  
Linda Joyce Ashford ◽  
Isabel Williams ◽  
Justin Trounson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Closing The Gap

Abstract Background “Closing the Gap” is an Australian government strategy that was established to address the inequality in health and education outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Although some gains have been realised, progress has been ostensibly slow. One potential obstacle is the large number of Indigenous Australians in prison. Approximately 1 in 5 to 1 in 6 Indigenous Australian males are currently imprisoned or have previously been imprisoned. Recent work has also pointed to a widening socio-economic gap within the Indigenous population. Given the myriad social, wellbeing and environmental risk factors associated with justice-involvement, it is conceivable that incarceration may contribute to the increasing disparities found within the Indigenous population. This study aimed to explore the presence and extent of an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous population and to uncover which social factors characterise the disparity. Methods The study utilised data from the 2014-5 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). A number of socio-economic, environmental and clinical factors were compared by life-time incarceration status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between incarceration status and each of the comparison variables. Results Disparities were observed within the Indigenous Australian population across a number of important health and socio-economic markers by incarceration status - the most pronounced being for educational obtainment – year 10 completion (Never incarcerated 73%, Ever incarcerated 50%), labour force participation (Never incarcerated 56%, Ever incarcerated 26%) and drug/alcohol problems (Never incarcerated 7%, Ever incarcerated 29%). Never-incarcerated Indigenous males yielded aggregate proportions across numerous variables that approximated or matched general Australian population estimates. Conclusions There appears to be evidence for a substantial ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous Australian population. It is evident that the national ‘closing the gap’ strategy necessitates contending with Indigenous over-incarceration.

scholarly journals Closing the (incarceration) gap: Assessing the socio-economic and clinical indicators of Indigenous males by lifetime incarceration status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane M Shepherd ◽  
Benjamin Spivak ◽  
Linda Ashford ◽  
Isabel Williams ◽  
Justin Trounson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Closing The Gap

Abstract Background “Closing the Gap” is an Australian government strategy that was established to address the inequality in health and education outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Although some gains have been realised, progress has been ostensibly slow. One potential obstacle is the large number of Indigenous Australians in prison. 1 in 5 to 1 in 6 Indigenous Australian males are currently imprisoned or have previously been imprisoned. Recent work has also pointed to a widening socio-economic gap within the Indigenous population. Given the myriad social, wellbeing and environmental risk factors associated with justice-involvement, it is conceivable that incarceration may contribute to the increasing disparities found within the Indigenous population. This study aimed to explore the presence and extent of an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous population and to uncover which social factors characterise the disparity. Methods The study utilised data from the 2014-5 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). A number of socio-economic, environmental and clinical factors were compared by life-time incarceration status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between incarceration status and each of the comparison variables. Results Disparities were observed within the Indigenous Australian population across a number of important health and socio-economic markers by incarceration status - the most pronounced being for educational obtainment, labour force participation and drug/alcohol problems. Never-incarcerated Indigenous males yielded aggregate proportions across numerous variables that approximated or matched general Australian population estimates. Conclusions There appears to be evidence for an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous Australian population. It is evident that the national ‘closing the gap’ strategy necessitates contending with Indigenous over-incarceration.

scholarly journals Closing the (incarceration) gap: Assessing the socio-economic and clinical indicators of Indigenous males by lifetime incarceration status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane M Shepherd ◽  
Benjamin Spivak ◽  
Linda Joyce Ashford ◽  
Isabel Williams ◽  
Justin Trounson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Closing The Gap

Abstract Background “Closing the Gap” is an Australian government strategy that was established to address the inequality in health and education outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Although some gains have been realised, progress has been ostensibly slow. One potential obstacle is the large number of Indigenous Australians in prison. 1 in 5 to 1 in 6 Indigenous Australian males are currently imprisoned or have previously been imprisoned. Recent work has also pointed to a widening socio-economic gap within the Indigenous population. Given the myriad social, wellbeing and environmental risk factors associated with justice-involvement, it is conceivable that incarceration may contribute to the increasing disparities found within the Indigenous population. This study aimed to explore the presence and extent of an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous population and to uncover which social factors characterise the disparity. Methods The study utilised data from the 2014-5 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). A number of socio-economic, environmental and clinical factors were compared by life-time incarceration status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between incarceration status and each of the comparison variables. Results Disparities were observed within the Indigenous Australian population across a number of important health and socio-economic markers by incarceration status - the most pronounced being for educational obtainment – year 10 completion (Never incarcerated 73%, Ever incarcerated 50%), labour force participation (Never incarcerated 56%, Ever incarcerated 26%) and drug/alcohol problems (Never incarcerated 7%, Ever incarcerated 29%). Never-incarcerated Indigenous males yielded aggregate proportions across numerous variables that approximated or matched general Australian population estimates. Conclusions There appears to be evidence for an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous Australian population. It is evident that the national ‘closing the gap’ strategy necessitates contending with Indigenous over-incarceration.

scholarly journals Closing the (incarceration) gap

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane M Shepherd ◽  
Benjamin Spivak ◽  
Linda Ashford ◽  
Isabel Williams ◽  
Justin Trounson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Closing The Gap

Abstract Background “Closing the Gap” is an Australian government strategy that was established to address the inequality in health and education outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Although some gains have been realised, progress has been ostensibly slow. One potential obstacle is the large number of Indigenous Australians in prison. 1 in 5 to 1 in 6 Indigenous Australian males are currently imprisoned or have previously been imprisoned. Recent work has also pointed to a widening socio-economic gap within the Indigenous population. Given the myriad social, wellbeing and environmental risk factors associated with justice-involvement, it is conceivable that incarceration may contribute to the increasing disparities found within the Indigenous population. This study aimed to explore the presence and extent of an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous population and to uncover which social factors characterise the disparity. Methods The study utilised data from the 2014-5 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). A number of socio-economic, environmental and clinical factors were compared by life-time incarceration status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between incarceration status and each of the comparison variables. Results Disparities were observed within the Indigenous Australian population across a number of important health and socio-economic markers by incarceration status - the most pronounced being for educational obtainment, labour force participation and drug/alcohol problems. Never-incarcerated Indigenous males yielded aggregate proportions across numerous variables that approximated or matched general Australian population estimates. Conclusions There appears to be evidence for an ‘incarceration gap’ within the Indigenous Australian population. It is evident that the national ‘closing the gap’ strategy necessitates contending with Indigenous over-incarceration.

scholarly journals Do changes in income, deprivation, labour force status and family status influence smoking behaviour over the short run? Panel study of 15 000 adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (e2) ◽  
pp. e106-e113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Blakely ◽  
Frederieke S van der Deen ◽  
Alistair Woodward ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Kristie Carter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Short Run

Does disability modify the relationship between labour force status and psychological distress among young people?

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107149
Author(s):  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Stefanie Dimov ◽  
Tania L King ◽  
Allison Milner ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo examine the association between labour force status, including young people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work, and psychological distress one year later. We then assessed whether this association is modified by disability status.MethodsWe used three waves of cohort data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. We fitted logistic regression models to account for confounders of the relationship between labour force status (employed, not in the labour force, unemployed and having problems looking for work) at age 21 years and psychological distress at age 22 years. We then estimated whether this association was modified by disability status at age 21 years.ResultsBeing unemployed and having problems looking for work at age 21 years was associated with odds of psychological distress that were 2.48 (95% CI 1.95 to 3.14) times higher than employment. There was little evidence for additive effect measure modification of this association by disability status (2.52, 95% CI −1.21 to 6.25).ConclusionsYoung people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work had increased odds of poor mental health. Interventions should focus on addressing the difficulties young people report when looking for work, with a particular focus on supporting those young people facing additional barriers to employment such as young people with disabilities.

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