Contextual Binding and Intelligent Targeting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Q. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Binding

EPA-1398 – Hippocampus, contextual binding impairment and schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A.A. Ledoux ◽  
J.L. Phillips ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
V.D. Bohbot ◽  
P. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Binding

Age-related Changes in Object Processing and Contextual Binding Revealed Using fMR Adaptation

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. L. Chee ◽  
Joshua O. S. Goh ◽  
Vinod Venkatraman ◽  
Jiat Chow Tan ◽  
Angela Gutchess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Simultaneous Processing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Contextual Integration ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Contextual Binding ◽  
Naturalistic Pictures

Using fMR adaptation, we studied the effects of aging on the neural processing of passively viewed naturalistic pictures composed of a prominent object against a background scene. Spatially distinct neural regions showing specific patterns of adaptation to objects, background scenes, and contextual integration (binding) were identified in young adults. Older adults did not show adaptation responses corresponding to binding in the medial-temporal areas. They also showed an adaptation deficit for objects whereby their lateral occipital complex (LOC) did not adapt to repeated objects in the context of a changing background. The LOC could be activated, however, when objects were presented without a background. Moreover, the adaptation deficit for objects viewed against backgrounds was reversed when elderly subjects were asked to attend to objects while viewing these complex pictures. These findings suggest that the elderly have difficulty with simultaneous processing of objects and backgrounds that, in turn, could contribute to deficient contextual binding.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC AND CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION USING INTER - LINGUA FOR AUTOMATED ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURED C++ PROGRAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Maxwell Christian ◽  
◽  
Bhushan Trivedi , PhD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Automatic Evaluation ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Automated Assessment ◽  
Standard Representation ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
The Subject ◽  
C Program ◽  
Contextual Binding

The process of automatic evaluation of a structured C++ program has the first and foremost requirement of specifying the developed structural C++ program in a standard, generalized and unified format. This generalized and standard representation of the program needs to incorporate the specification in terms of semantics as per the language features used and also the contextual binding in regards of the program definition as perceived and desired by the subject expert. Hence an inter - lingua which can represent the semantic and contextual knowledge of the developed structured C++ program will be the first and foremost requirement towards the process of automated assessment and grading of a structured C++ program.The work presented here is published for patent at Patent Office Branch, Mumbai, India with the reference number E-12/215/2021/MUM and application number 202121000796.

Latviešu mācībvalodas un mazākumtautību izglītības iestāžu vidusskolēnu latviešu valodas kompetence: salīdzinošais pētījums

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
Zenta Anspoka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
National Research Programme ◽  
Contextual Binding

The topicality of the research is related to the State policy of education to strengthen the role of the Latvian language as a national language by enabling the integration of society and intercultural dialogue. The aim of the study is to analyse the level of language competence of Grade 12 students of Latvian language of instruction in comparison with minority schools. The results of the empirical research are obtained from 468 texts written by students with the Latvian language of instruction and minority secondary education institutions in different regions of Latvia. The texts used are systematised in the balanced corpus of modern Latvian language. The research was conducted within the framework of the National Research Programme “Latvian Language” (No VPP-IZM-2018/2-0002). An analysis of essays’ content, sentences, contextual binding of their sets, language style, orthography, and punctuation has been carried out. Data from the study shows no significant difference between the skills of Latvian language of instruction and minority secondary education institutions’ students to form text according to the topic. Approximately 57% of respondents follow the proportions among different parts of the text, the binding of sentences to create the text as a whole, the principle of completion of the text; 29% of respondents use language features exactly according to language style. The most common language errors in the self-created texts of students from both types of schools are punctuation errors, the spelling of short and long vowels and consonants in words, words written together and separately, and the spelling of foreign names. Students from minority secondary schools make simpler sentence syntactic structures and by 9% fewer punctuation errors. Still, they have 32% more errors in spelling words and the use of words in sentences. In the didactic of the Latvian language, we have to think more about learning of language based on discourse, in which the text has a social context at first, only then a linguistic form. We have to develop a sense of language for students, improve a methodology for learning linguistics terminology, cooperation between teachers of all subjects, and the attitude of each teacher to their own language and speech in the learning and teaching process.

Are Animal Models of Cognitive Deficit Relevant for Man? Translational Problems in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
P. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Glutamatergic Signaling ◽  
Prefrontal Functions ◽  
Contextual Binding

Since long working memory deficit has been considered as one of the major cognitive dysfunction encountered in schizophrenia. Working memory is critical for human reasoning, judgment and decision and depends upon the integrity of prefrontal and cingulate circuitry. As a consequence coupling pharmacological (amphetamine sensitization, subchronic phencyclidine administration, neurodevelopmental insult) and behavioral approaches of prefrontal functions in animals seems to be a cue totally appropriate for elucidating the mechanisms of this dysfunction in man (Castner,2004).In rodent models aberrant dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling in medial prefrontal cortex has undoubtedly an impact on memory and learning, But the analogy between these deficits and a true working memory deficit in man is not obvious. Due to the higher degree of homology between human and non-human primates behavioral tests in apes seem to be more relevant but once again they can not be considered as reflecting strictly the consequences of working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Another approach is to extend the insights gained from the study of normal brain organization in animal models to better understand the neural basis on which working memory functions are based (Tanaka, 2006). Dissecting the cellular and circuit basis of prefrontal and cingulate cortices can give an idea how direct and indirect intercellular mechanisms are modulating working memory Nevertheless the behavioral part of this type of study remains non conclusive. It seems in fact that working memory itself is probably not a good candidate and that contextual-binding tasks (which explore encoding and retrieval) are more appropriate (Boyer,2007).

scholarly journals Contextual priming of word meanings is stabilized over sleep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gareth Gaskell ◽  
Scott Cairney ◽  
Jennifer M Rodd
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
New Words ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Sleep Benefit ◽  
Subordinate Meaning ◽  
Contextual Binding

Evidence is growing for the involvement of consolidation processes in the learning and retention of language, largely based on instances of new linguistic components (e.g., new words). Here, we assessed whether consolidation effects extend to the semantic processing of highly familiar words. The experiments were based on the word-meaning priming paradigm in which a homophone is encountered in a context that biases interpretation towards the subordinate meaning. The homophone is subsequently used in a word-association test to determine whether the priming encounter facilitates the retrieval of the primed meaning. In Experiment 1 (N = 74), we tested the resilience of priming over periods of 2 and 12 hours that were spent awake or asleep, and found that sleep periods were associated with stronger subsequent priming effects. In Experiment 2 (N = 55) we tested whether the sleep benefit could be explained in terms of a lack of retroactive interference by testing participants 24 hours after priming. Participants who had the priming encounter in the evening showed stronger priming effects after 24 hours than participants primed in the morning, suggesting that sleep makes priming resistant to interference during the following day awake. The results suggest that consolidation effects can be found even for highly familiar linguistic materials. We interpret these findings in terms of a contextual binding account in which all language perception provides a learning opportunity, with sleep and consolidation contributing to the updating of our expectations, ready for the next day.

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