Decoding with Early Termination for Rateless (Luby Transform) Codes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali AbdulHussein ◽  
Anand Oka ◽  
Lutz Lampe
Keyword(s):  
Early Termination ◽  
Luby Transform

Modernizing the lending facility under concession agreements

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590-1609
Author(s):  
V.A. Rakhaev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Structure ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. The article addresses modernization of lending facilities under concession agreements. It is important for evaluating the terms of credit transactions, effectiveness of credit projects, and the concessionaire's ability to repay the loan. Objectives. The purpose is to review the current financing mechanism and underpin approaches to improving the credit facilities within concession agreements. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods, like the systems and logical analysis and synthesis, principles of induction and deduction, financial calculation techniques. The analytical part employs the balance method, methods of financial coefficients and the method of technical and economic estimates. Results. I analyzed the financial structure and special characteristics of concession agreements, parameters of concessionaires’ activities; considered the types of risks inherent in bank lending under concession agreements, methods for their identification and mitigation; offered a mechanism of lending, including the structure of credit transactions, restrictions for the financial condition of concessionaires, additional requirements and penalties for their non-fulfillment. The findings can help banks define lending parameters for concession agreements. The provided recommendations may be useful for consideration by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the risks of lending under concession contracts, if their terms and conditions are stable, and if the lost income of concessionaires is compensated in the event of early termination. Reasonable tariffs for works and services and increased revenue collection will promote this type of lending.

Predictivity/Translatability of Toxicities Observed in Nonclinical Toxicology Studies to Clinical Safety Outcomes in Drug Development: Case Examples

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Stagg ◽  
Hanan N. Ghantous ◽  
Robert Roth ◽  
Kenneth L. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Palm Springs ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Good Concordance

Nonclinical toxicology studies are conducted to characterize the potential toxicities and establish a safe starting dose for new drugs in clinical studies, but the question remains as to how predictable/translatable the nonclinical safety findings are to humans. In many cases, there is good concordance between nonclinical species and patients. However, there are cases for which there is a lack of predictivity or translatability that led to early termination of clinical studies due to unanticipated toxicities or early termination of programs before making it to the clinic due to unacceptable nonclinical toxicities assumed to be translatable. A few case examples of safety findings that are translatable versus safety findings that are not translatable and why they are not translateable were presented as a symposium at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology in Palm Springs, California, and are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Appropriate Number of Treatment Sessions in Virtual Reality-Based Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Hyu Seok Jeong ◽  
Jee Hyun Lee ◽  
Hesun Erin Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Extension Group

Virtual reality (VR) was introduced to maximize the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) by efficiently performing exposure therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out whether VR-based individual CBT with relatively few treatment sessions is effective in improving social anxiety disorder (SAD). This therapy was applied to 115 patients with SAD who were retrospectively classified into 43 patients who completed the nine or 10 sessions normally (normal termination group), 52 patients who finished the sessions early (early termination group), and 20 patients who had extended the sessions (session extension group). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) scores tended to decrease in all groups as the session progressed, and the slope of decrease was the steepest in the early termination group and the least steep in the session extension group. Severity of social anxiety in the last session and symptom reduction rate showed no significant group difference. Our findings suggest that short-term VR-based individual CBT of nine to 10 sessions may be effective. When the therapeutic effect is insufficient during this period, the additional benefit may be minimal if the session is simply extended. The improvement in the early termination group suggests that even shorter sessions of five or six can also be effective.

scholarly journals A novel error correction protocol for continuous variable quantum key distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Gümüş ◽  
Tobias A. Eriksson ◽  
Masahiro Takeoka ◽  
Mikio Fujiwara ◽  
Masahide Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Ldpc Codes ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Parity Check ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Ldpc Decoder ◽  
And Performance

AbstractReconciliation is a key element of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols, affecting both the complexity and performance of the entire system. During the reconciliation protocol, error correction is typically performed using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with a single decoding attempt. In this paper, we propose a modification to a conventional reconciliation protocol used in four-state protocol CV-QKD systems called the multiple decoding attempts (MDA) protocol. MDA uses multiple decoding attempts with LDPC codes, each attempt having fewer decoding iteration than the conventional protocol. Between each decoding attempt we propose to reveal information bits, which effectively lowers the code rate. MDA is shown to outperform the conventional protocol in regards to the secret key rate (SKR). A 10% decrease in frame error rate and an 8.5% increase in SKR are reported in this paper. A simple early termination for the LDPC decoder is also proposed and implemented. With early termination, MDA has decoding complexity similar to the conventional protocol while having an improved SKR.

Aspects of early termination in the beta-blocker heart attack trial

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
David DeMets ◽  
Robert Hardy ◽  
Lawrence Friedman ◽  
Gordon Lan
Keyword(s):  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Early Termination

Breast-feeding in Manila, Philippines preliminary results from a longitudinal study

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (S9) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayling Simpson-Hebert ◽  
Lorna P. Makil
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Income Families

SummaryLongitudinal data collected over a 2-year period (1982–84) on 152 first and second parity mothers who were delivered in a charity maternity hospital in Manila, Philippines, indicate the reasons for never brest-feeding and for early termination of brest-feeding. Socio-Cultural factors and beliefs are more important than physiological problems in minating breast-feeding.Proper bottle-feeding is too costly for most low-income families. Bottle-fed babies have a higher incidence of diarrhoea. Mothers who change from breast- to bottle-feeding in the first 6 months are 1·7 times as likely to become pregnant in the first year post-partum as mothers Who brest-feed for 7 or more months.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document