scholarly journals Advanced Poly-Si NMIS and Poly-Si/TiN PMIS Hybrid-Gate High-k CMIS using PVD/CVD-Stacked TiN and Local Strain Technique

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nishida ◽  
T. Kawahara ◽  
S. Sakashita ◽  
M. Mizutani ◽  
S. Yamanari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Strain ◽  
High K

Quantitative analysis of in situ straining experiments in the case of strong frictional forces

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
F. Louchet ◽  
L.P. Kubin
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Dislocation Line ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Double Kink ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Local Strain Rate

Investigation of frictional forces -Experimental techniques and working conditions in the high voltage electron microscope have already been described (1). Care has been taken in order to minimize both surface and radiation effects under deformation conditions.Dislocation densities and velocities are measured on the records of the deformation. It can be noticed that mobile dislocation densities can be far below the total dislocation density in the operative system. The local strain-rate can be deduced from these measurements. The local flow stresses are deduced from the curvature radii of the dislocations when the local strain-rate reaches the values of ∿ 10-4 s-1.For a straight screw segment of length L moving by double-kink nucleation between two pinning points, the velocity is :where ΔG(τ) is the activation energy and lc the critical length for double-kink nucleation. The term L/lc takes into account the number of simultaneous attempts for double-kink nucleation on the dislocation line.

TEM and cathodoluminescence of precipitates in II-VI semiconductors

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Optoelectronic Device ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Bulk Crystal Growth ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Stoichiometry Control

Interest in II-VI semiconductors centres around optoelectronic device applications. The wide band gap II-VI semiconductors such as ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe have been used in lasers and electroluminescent displays yielding room temperature blue luminescence. The narrow gap II-VI semiconductors such as CdTe and HgxCd1-x Te are currently used for infrared detectors, where the band gap can be varied continuously by changing the alloy composition x.Two major sources of precipitation can be identified in II-VI materials; (i) dopant introduction leading to local variations in concentration and subsequent precipitation and (ii) Te precipitation in ZnTe, CdTe and HgCdTe due to native point defects which arise from problems associated with stoichiometry control during crystal growth. Precipitation is observed in both bulk crystal growth and epitaxial growth and is frequently associated with segregation and precipitation at dislocations and grain boundaries. Precipitation has been observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which is sensitive to local strain fields around inclusions.

Electron Probe Analysis of Vertebrate Smooth Muscle: Distribution of Ca and Ci

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril V. Somlyo ◽  
H. Shuman ◽  
A.P. Somlyo
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Probe Analysis ◽  
High K ◽  
Low K ◽  
Initial Results

This is a preliminary report of electron probe analysis of rabbit portal-anterior mesenteric vein (PAMV) smooth muscle cryosectioned without fixation or cryoprotection. The instrumentation and method of electron probe quantitation used (1) and our initial results with cardiac (2) and skeletal (3) muscle have been presented elsewhere.In preparations depolarized with high K (K2SO4) solution, significant calcium peaks were detected over the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Fig 1 and 2) and the continuous perinuclear space. In some of the fibers there were also significant (up to 200 mM/kg dry wt) calcium peaks over the mitochondria. However, in smooth muscle that was not depolarized, high mitochondrial Ca was found in fibers that also contained elevated Na and low K (Fig 3). Therefore, the possibility that these Ca-loaded mitochondria are indicative of cell damage remains to be ruled out.

Strain analysis with nanometer resolution using a conventional transmission electron microsopy technique: electron diffraction contrast imaging revisited

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Koenraad G F Janssens ◽  
Omer Van der Biest ◽  
Jan Vanhellemont ◽  
Herman E Maes ◽  
Robert Hull
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Strain Characterization ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Transmission Electron

There is a growing need for elastic strain characterization techniques with submicrometer resolution in several engineering technologies. In advanced material science and engineering the quantitative knowledge of elastic strain, e.g. at small particles or fibers in reinforced composite materials, can lead to a better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms and thus to an optimization of material production processes. In advanced semiconductor processing and technology, the current size of micro-electronic devices requires an increasing effort in the analysis and characterization of localized strain. More than 30 years have passed since electron diffraction contrast imaging (EDCI) was used for the first time to analyse the local strain field in and around small coherent precipitates1. In later stages the same technique was used to identify straight dislocations by simulating the EDCI contrast resulting from the strain field of a dislocation and comparing it with experimental observations. Since then the technique was developed further by a small number of researchers, most of whom programmed their own dedicated algorithms to solve the problem of EDCI image simulation for the particular problem they were studying at the time.

Hair cell changes after cationic stimulation of corti's organ

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
Cesar D. Fermin ◽  
Hans-Peter Zenner
Keyword(s):  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
High K ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Cell Cytosol ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Cell Changes

Contraction of outer and inner hair cells (OHC&IHC) in the Organ of Corti (OC) of the inner ear is necessary for sound transduction. Getting at HC in vivo preparations is difficult. Thus, isolated HCs have been used to study OHC properties. Even though viability has been shown in isolated (iOHC) preparations by good responses to current and cationic stimulation, the contribution of adjoining cells can not be explained with iOHC preparations. This study was undertaken to examine changes in the OHC after expossure of the OHC to high concentrations of potassium (K) and sodium (Na), by carefully immersing the OC in either artifical endolymph or perilymph. After K and Na exposure, OCs were fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in osmium, separated into base, middle and apex and embedded in Araldite™. One μm thick sections were prepared for analysis with the light and E.M. Cross sectional areas were measured with Bioquant™ software.Potassium and sodium both cause isolated guinea pig OHC to contract. In vivo high K concentration may cause uncontrolled and sustained contractions that could contribute to Meniere's disease. The behavior of OHC in the vivo setting might be very different from that of iOHC. We show here changes of the cell cytosol and cisterns caused by K and Na to OHC in situs. The table below shows results from cross sectional area measurements of OHC from OC that were exposed to either K or Na. As one would expect, from the anatomical arrangement of the OC, OHC#l that are supported by rigid tissue would probably be displaced (move) less than those OHC located away from the pillar. Surprisingly, cells in the middle turn of the cochlea changed their surface areas more than those at either end of the cochlea. Moreover, changes in surface area do not seem to differ between K and Na treated OCs.

Evolution of local strain in Ag-deposited monolayer MoS2 modulated by interface interactions

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (46) ◽  
pp. 22432-22439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Sun ◽  
Yan Aung Moe ◽  
Yingying Xu ◽  
Yufei Sun ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Strain ◽  
Monolayer Mos2 ◽  
Interface Interaction

Local strain is best preserved on Al2O3 but relaxed most easily on mica because of the interface interaction from substrates.

Delamination in the scoring and folding of paperboard

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOEUNG D. CHOI ◽  
SERGIY A. LAVRYKOV ◽  
BANDARU V. RAMARAO
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Fields

Delamination between layers occurs during the creasing and subsequent folding of paperboard. Delamination is necessary to provide some stiffness properties, but excessive or uncontrolled delamination can weaken the fold, and therefore needs to be controlled. An understanding of the mechanics of delamination is predicated upon the availability of reliable and properly calibrated simulation tools to predict experimental observations. This paper describes a finite element simulation of paper mechanics applied to the scoring and folding of multi-ply carton board. Our goal was to provide an understanding of the mechanics of these operations and the proper models of elastic and plastic behavior of the material that enable us to simulate the deformation and delamination behavior. Our material model accounted for plasticity and sheet anisotropy in the in-plane and z-direction (ZD) dimensions. We used different ZD stress-strain curves during loading and unloading. Material parameters for in-plane deformation were obtained by fitting uniaxial stress-strain data to Ramberg-Osgood plasticity models and the ZD deformation was modeled using a modified power law. Two-dimensional strain fields resulting from loading board typical of a scoring operation were calculated. The strain field was symmetric in the initial stages, but increasing deformation led to asymmetry and heterogeneity. These regions were precursors to delamination and failure. Delamination of the layers occurred in regions of significant shear strain and resulted primarily from the development of large plastic strains. The model predictions were confirmed by experimental observation of the local strain fields using visual microscopy and linear image strain analysis. The finite element model predicted sheet delamination matching the patterns and effects that were observed in experiments.

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