VIRVIL, A 3D Virtual Village to Assess the Impact of Low and Zero Carbon Technologies in the Built Environment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Smith ◽  
Donald Alexander ◽  
Aikaterini Fragaki ◽  
Phil Jones ◽  
Simon Lannon
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Zoning and Built Environment Characteristics on Transit, Biking, and Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Mueller ◽  
Daniel J. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Land Use Regulation ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

This study furthers existing research on the link between the built environment and travel behavior, particularly mode choice (auto, transit, biking, walking). While researchers have studied built environment characteristics and their impact on mode choice, none have attempted to measure the impact of zoning on travel behavior. By testing the impact of land use regulation in the form of zoning restrictions on travel behavior, this study expands the literature by incorporating an additional variable that can be changed through public policy action and may help cities promote sustainable real estate development goals. Using a unique, high-resolution travel survey dataset from Denver, Colorado, we develop a multinomial discrete choice model that addresses unobserved travel preferences by incorporating sociodemographic, built environment, and land use restriction variables. The results suggest that zoning can be tailored by cities to encourage reductions in auto usage, furthering sustainability goals in transportation.

Using Deep Learning to Understand Travel Demands in Different Urban Districts

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199458
Author(s):  
Shunhua Bai ◽  
Junfeng Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Travel demand forecast plays an important role in transportation planning. Classic models often predict people’s travel behavior based on the physical built environment in a linear fashion. Many scholars have tried to understand built environments’ predictive power on people’s travel behavior using big-data methods. However, few empirical studies have discussed how the impact might vary across time and space. To fill this research gap, this study used 2019 anonymous smartphone GPS data and built a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) to predict the daily travel demand to six destinations in Austin, Texas: downtown, the university, the airport, an inner-ring point-of-interest (POI) cluster, a suburban POI cluster, and an urban-fringe POI cluster. By comparing the prediction results, we found that: the model underestimated the traffic surge for the university in the fall semester and overestimated the demand for downtown on non-working days; the prediction accuracy for POI clusters was negatively related to their adjacency to downtown; and different POI clusters had cases of under- or overestimation on different occasions. This study reveals that the impact of destination attributes on people’s travel demand can vary across time and space because of their heterogeneous nature. Future research on travel behavior and built environment modeling should incorporate the temporal inconsistency to achieve better prediction accuracy.

Steel: friend or foe in the face of the climate emergency?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Swann ◽  
Francois Hanus ◽  
Olivier Vasart ◽  
Alan Knight
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
High Potential ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Recycled Material

<p>Steel is the most recycled material in the world and a key contributor to the circular economy, but todays primary steelmaking methods result in high embodied carbon. In the face of the climate emergency, designers have been tasked with driving down the upfront emissions of the built environment. Naturally the embodied carbon characteristics of all materials have been put under the microscope and those with high impacts are being demonised, primary steel is one of those. So how does a designer balance the immediate needs of the climate emergency with the future needs of society? When confronted with a material like steel with practically perfect circularity characteristics but high embodied impacts how do designers balance the needs of today with those of tomorrow? What if steel could be made with zero carbon emissions? Coupled with its high potential for re-use and its high recycling rates is steel a friend and ally in the face of the climate emergency rather than a foe?</p>

Energy or carbon? Exploring the relative size of universal zero carbon and zero energy design spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Parkin ◽  
Manuel Herrera ◽  
David A Coley
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Space Forms ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Impact

One aim of zero carbon, or zero energy, buildings is to help slow climate change. However, regulatory definitions frequently miss substantial emissions, for example ones associated with the materials the building is constructed from, thereby compromising this goal. Unfortunately, including such emissions might restrict the design space, reduce architectural freedom or greatly increase costs. This work presents a new framework for examining the problem. The zero carbon/energy design and regulatory space forms a sub-space of the hyper-volume enclosing all possible designs and regulatory frameworks. A new mathematical/software environment was developed which allows the size and shape of this sub-space to be investigated for the first time. Twenty-four million building design/regulatory standard combinations were modelled and assessed using a tree classification approach. It was found that a worldwide zero standard that includes embodied emissions is possible and is easier to achieve if a carbon rather than an energy metric is adopted, with the design space twice the size for a carbon metric. This result is important for the development of more encompassing regulations, and the novel methods developed applicable to other aspects of construction controlled by regulation where there is the desire to examine the impact of new regulations prior to legislation. Practical application: As energy standards become more strict, and given the growth in non-regulatory standards (such as Passivhaus), there is the need to study the potential impact of any element of a standard on the range of designs that can be built or the materials that can be used. This work sets out a general framework and method for doing this. The approach and results will be of interest to policy makers, but also to engineers and architects wondering what the key constraints to design the adoption of various philosophies to low energy/carbon standards might have within their work. For example, the implications of the building standard (or client) requiring embodied emissions to be included or the energy balance period for renewable generation to be monthly, not annual.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MEMENTO VALUE ON THE PERCEPTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: CASE STUDY OF THE MODERN MOVEMENT AND DIALECT OF KAUNAS / ATMINTIES VERTĖ SUVOKIANT KULTŪROS PAVELDĄ: MODERNIZMO JUDĖJIMO IR JO KAUNIETIŠKOJO DIALEKTO ATVEJO TYRIMAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Huriye Armagan DOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Movement

Memento value in heritage is one of the most essential characteristics facilitating the association between the environment and its users, by connecting structures with space and time, moreover, it helps people to identify their surroundings. However, the emergence of the Modern Movement in the architectural sphere disrupted the reflection of memory and symbols which serve to root the society in its language. Furthermore, it generated an approach that stood against the practice of referring to the past and tradition, which led to the built environment becoming homogeneous and deprived of memento value. This paper focuses on the impact of memento value on the perception and evaluation of cultural heritage. Furthermore, it investigates the notions which are perceived to influence the appraisal of cultural heritage by applying them to the Kaunas dialect of the Modern Movement with an empirical approach.

scholarly journals Evacuation Data from a Hospital Outpatient Drill The Case Study of North Shore Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anass Rahouti ◽  
Ruggiero Lovreglio ◽  
Phil Jackson ◽  
Sélim Datoussaïd
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the fire safety of buildings is fundamental to reduce the impact of this threat on their occupants. Such an assessment can be done by combining existing models and existing knowledge on how occupants behave during fires. Although many studies have been carried out for several types of built environment, only few of those investigate healthcare facilities and hospitals. In this study, we present a new behavioural data-set for hospital evacuations. The data was collected from the North Shore Hospital in Auckland (NZ) during an unannounced drill carried out in May 2017. This drill was recorded using CCTV and those videos are analysed to generate new evacuation model inputs for hospital scenarios. We collected pre-movement times, exit choices and total evacuation times for each evacuee. Moreover, we estimated pre-movement time distributions for both staff members and patients. Finally, we qualitatively investigated the evacuee actions of patients and staff members to study their interaction during the drill. The results show that participants were often independent from staff actions with a majority able to make their own decision.

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