scholarly journals Connectivity-Related Properties of Mobile Nodes Obeying the Random Walk and Random Waypoint Mobility Models

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hanzo II ◽  
S.M. Mostafavi ◽  
R. Tafazolli
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Random Waypoint

scholarly journals Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Safaa Laqtib ◽  
Khalid El Yassini ◽  
Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Random Waypoint

<p>Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) <a title="Learn more about Metrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metrics">metrics</a> such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.</p>

Investigation of random waypoint and steady state random waypoint mobility models in NS-3 using AODV

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Alok Singh ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Rajneesh K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Transition Phase ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simulation Time ◽  
Random Waypoint

NS-3 has been one of the popular network simulator software for many years especially in research related to Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). In NS-3, there is provision of several mobility models including Random Waypoint (RWP) mobility model and Steady State Random Waypoint (SSRWP) mobility model. RWP mobility model suffers from the transition phase related imperfection. SSRWP mobility model overcomes this limitation of RWP mobility by allowing the steady state initialization states of nodes in terms of position, speed and pause time of mobile nodes right from the beginning of the simulation. As SSRWP mobility model avoids any requirement of warm-up (cut-off) phase of RWP mobility model, it saves a significant amount of time of warm-up (cut-off) phase as well as establishes a high level of confidence in results obtained due to absence of any subjective guess. In the present work, RWP and SSRWP mobility models have been investigated using AODV routing protocol and it has been found that a way to mitigate the misleading effect of the transition phase of RWP mobility model is to have a sufficiently large simulation time which results, to a good extent, in convergence of performance of RWP mobility model toward that of SSRWP mobility model.

MOVE

2010 ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Chan Lan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
Random Waypoint

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is surging in popularity, in which vehicles constitute the mobile nodes in the network. Due to the prohibitive cost of deploying and implementing such a system in real world, most research in VANET relies on simulations for evaluation. A key component for VANET simulations is a realistic vehicular mobility model that ensures conclusions drawn from simulation experiments will carry through to real deployments. However, VANET simulations raise many new questions about suitable levels of details in simulation models for nodes mobility. In VANET simulations, the mobility models used affect strongly the simulation output. The researchers need to decide what level of details are required for their simulations. In this chapter, the authors introduce a tool MOVE that allows users to rapidly generate realistic mobility models for VANET simulations. MOVE is built on top of an open source micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The output of MOVE is a realistic mobility model and can be immediately used by popular network simulators such as ns-2 and Qualnet. The authors show that the simulation results obtained when using a realistic mobility model such as MOVE are significantly different from results based on the commonly used random waypoint model. In addition, the authors evaluate the effects of details of mobility models in three case studies of VANET simulations (specifically, the existence of traffic lights, driver route choice and car overtaking behavior) and show that selecting sufficient level of details in the simulation is critical for VANET protocol design.

scholarly journals Tracking Area Boundary-aware Protocol for Pseudo Stochastic Mobility Prediction in LTE Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi ◽  
◽  
Silvance O. Abeka ◽  
Anthony J. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Random Direction ◽  
Random Waypoint

Accurate mobility prediction enables efficient and faster paging services in these networks. This in turn facilitates the attainment of higher bandwidths and execution of activities such as handovers at low latencies. The conventional mobility prediction models operate on unrealistic assumptions that make them unsuitable for cellular network mobile station tracking. For instance, the Feynman-Verlet, first order kinetic model and Random Waypoint assume that mobile phones move with constant velocity while Manhattan, Freeway, city area, street unit, obstacle mobility, and pathway mobility postulate that mobile station movement is restricted along certain paths. In addition, obstacle mobility model speculate that the mobile station signal is completely absorbed by an obstacle while random walk, random waypoint, Markovian random walk, random direction, shortest path model, normal walk, and smooth random assume that a mobile station can move in any direction. Moreover, the greatest challenge of the random direction model is the requirement that a border behavior model be specified for the reaction of mobile stations reaching the simulation area boundary. In this paper, a protocol that addresses the border behavior problem is developed. This protocol is shown to detect when the subscriber has moved out of the current tracking area, which is crucial during handovers.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF RE-AODV ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH DIFFERENT MOBILITY MODELS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Outazgui Saloua ◽  
Fakhri Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

This paper aims to present a detailed study of different mobility models applicable for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have evolved dramatically in mobile networks, providing the key advantage of offering access to information without considering a user's spatial and topological characteristics. Due to the exponential advancement of the Internet and the development of small handheld devices as a source of connectivity and data sharing, the wireless network has almost exploded over the past few years. As a routing protocol for WSN in different studies, the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance-vector routing protocol (AODV) has shown better performance than different routing protocols. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing, low memory overheads, and low network utilization. To develop an optimized routing protocol, in our previous work, we had proposed an enhancement of the AODV routing protocol to increase the performance of the classic AODV protocol by optimizing the energy consumption and automatically maximizing the network lifetime. In this paper, we present a detailed study of mobility models applicable for WSN. We describe various mobility models representing mobile nodes whose movements are independent (individual mobility models) and dependent (group mobility models). Furthermore, we will focus on studying the behavior of our optimized version of AODV that we named RE-AODV with different existing mobility models so that we can, in the end, select the best mobility model. In terms of network efficiency, simulation results in this Work demonstrate that the type of mobility model used makes the difference and influences the behavior of nodes.

Performance Analysis of TCP Newreno Over Mobility Models Using Routing Protocols in MANETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Singh ◽  
Neeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Performance

A MANET is a collection of nodes connected wirelessly that try to converse with each other with no need for any central control or infrastructure establishment. The model of mobility depicts the poignant nature of every node which is mobile in MANETs that is considered to be realistic. It plays a vital role in measuring the performance of MANETs. Mobility is considered to be the prime motive in simulation, because it is a huge influence over the design and network's performance due to limitation in resources and it lead to packet delivery ratio (PDR), varying velocity node energy (NE). Lots of work has been done to improve the above problems. Therefore, there is a requirement of more improvement in this area to enhance overall performance of mobility models. This paper presents a comparative simulation-based analysis of Gauss Markov, Manhattan, and random waypoint mobility models over TCP Newreno that uses a DSDV and AODV routing protocols. Moreover, experiment results and performance analysis have been performed with PDR and NE of the varying number of mobile nodes.

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