A Decision Making Ontology Building Process for Analytical Requirements Elicitation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmi Bargui ◽  
Hanene Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Jamel Feki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Ontology Building ◽  
Analytical Requirements

Research on the Consumer Demand of Decision Making in the E-Commence System Building Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2895-2898
Author(s):  
Jian Min Xie ◽  
Qin Qin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The Impact

In the process of developing e-commerce system, enterprises are able to accurately understand and grasp the needs of the user enterprise that is the key to the successful implementation of e-commerce. Based on this, the article proposed a new method which was based on the process of developing consumer demand for e-business decision-making though a rough set theory. This new approach is built using rough set decision model to calculate the different needs of the impact on consumer satisfaction, come to an important degree of each demand and the demand reduction order. This method overcomes the traditional rough set method cumbersome bottlenecks, and helps operating; cases studies show that the proposed method is simple and effective.

Organizing the Design Thinking Toolbox: Supporting the Requirements Elicitation Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Meireles ◽  
Anderson Souza ◽  
Tayana Conte ◽  
José Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Requirements Elicitation

Judicial Controls Over the Bureaucracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calliope Spanou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Building Process

Judicial control over the bureaucracy is a means to defend the rule of law and important principles of democratic governance. It refers to the power of the courts to consider whether the actions of public authorities respect the limits prescribed by law. Regimes of judicial control vary in legal and administrative systems. Two major traditions can be mainly distinguished. The first characterizes continental Europe. It assigns judicial review to specialized administrative courts and involves a special branch of law, that is, administrative law. The second relies on ordinary courts and characterizes the Anglo-American system of common law. The two traditions also differ regarding the role of the courts and particularly their possibility to shape rules (common law tradition) or to apply rules (continental tradition). The expansion of state activities, including economic and social regulation and welfare service provision, has blurred the old politics–administration distinction since more and more decisions are delegated by parliaments to the administration, endowing it with wide discretionary powers. These developments have added a new meaning to the implementation of the rule of law. When the content of decisions is bound by a legal rule, legal compliance is more straightforward than when there is a margin of appreciation and choice. Circumscribing administrative discretion passes first and foremost from regulating the process of decision-making. Procedural standards have indeed been an area of primary concern for courts. Increasingly, nevertheless, substantive aspects of the administrative decision-making process and even service provision come under judicial scrutiny. Its extent inevitably differs from one legal system to another. The intensity of judicial review and its impact on (a) administrative operation and (b) policy decisions raise critical questions: how is it possible to achieve a balance between managerial flexibility, efficiency, and responsibility on the one hand and legal accountability on the other? To what extent may the courts substitute their own judgment for that of policymakers and the administrative or expert opinion underlying the decision under examination? How far do they go in scrutinizing policymaking and implementation? Judicial control involves constraining as well as constructive effects on the administration. It may contribute to an institution-building process (e.g., strengthening of Weberian-type features, increasing formalization, etc.) and to the agenda-building process, and it may influence policymaking. In certain contexts, courts even tend to become political actors. The reverse side is that they may step into matters of management and policymaking for which they are not prepared or institutionally responsible. This points to potential tensions between the administration (the executive) and the judiciary but also underlines the limitations of judicial control. Delicate issues regarding the separation of powers may emerge. Furthermore, cost, delays, the degree of administrative compliance with judicial decisions, and the ability of courts to integrate into their reasoning issues of efficiency and effectiveness constitute growing challenges to judicial control.

scholarly journals (Un)settling the precedent: Contrasting institutionalisation dynamics in the spitzenkandidaten procedure of 2014 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316802092597
Author(s):  
Eva G. Heidbreder ◽  
Daniel Schade
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Treaty Of Lisbon ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Commission President ◽  
To Come ◽  
Key Resources

The article analyses the application of the spitzenkandidaten procedure as instances of a larger institution building process in which the European Parliament and the European Council try to enact competing rules. The Treaty of Lisbon introduced a new clause on how to appoint the Commission President. While in 2014 the European Parliament successfully realised its interpretation according to which the winning spitzenkandidat became Commission President, in 2019 the Council succeeded in deciding not only who would take the Commission presidency but also other key positions. We consider both appointments as cases of decision-making in a natural arena that lack stable institutions about how to appoint the Commission president. Accordingly, the single decisions pended on the case-specific strategic use of resources. While the analysis of the two single cases does not allow us to predict what the institutional rules for future appointments will be, we can identify key resources and strategies that will determine how the institutional rules will be shaped in the elections to come and thus further the understanding of the institutionalisation in the making.

scholarly journals Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation in the Swiss Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Naneva ◽  
Marcella Bonanomi ◽  
Alexander Hollberg ◽  
Guillaume Habert ◽  
Daniel Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Existing Structure

The building sector has a significant potential to reduce the material resource demand needed for construction and therefore, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Digitalization can help to make use of this potential and improve sustainability throughout the entire building’s life cycle. One way to address this potential is through the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into the building process by employing Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM can reduce the effort needed to carry out an LCA, and therefore, facilitate the integration into the building process. A review of current industry practice and scientific literature shows that companies are lacking the incentive to apply LCA. If applied, there are two main approaches. Either the LCA is performed in a simplified way at the beginning of the building process using imprecise techniques, or it is done at the very end when all the needed information is available, but it is too late for decision-making. One reason for this is the lack of methods, workflows and tools to implement BIM-LCA integration over the whole building development. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop an integrated BIM-LCA method for the entire building process by relating it to an established workflow. To avoid an additional effort for practitioners, an existing structure for cost estimation in the Swiss context is used. The established method is implemented in a tool and used in a case study in Switzerland to test the approach. The results of this study show that LCA can be performed continuously in each building phase over the entire building process using existing Building Information Modeling (BIM) techniques for cost estimation. The main benefit of this approach is that it simplifies the application of LCA in the building process and therefore gives incentives for companies to apply it. Moreover, the re-work caused by the need for re-entering data and the usage of many different software tools that characterize most of the current LCA practices is minimized. Furthermore, decision-making, both at the element and building levels, is supported.

scholarly journals Towards automation of the Swedish property formation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-63
Author(s):  
Magnus Hjelmblom ◽  
Jesper M. Paasch ◽  
Jenny Paulsson ◽  
Marina Edlund ◽  
Fredrik Bökman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Building Process ◽  
One Step ◽  
Standard Formalism

The ongoing digitalization of public administration and increased automation of legal decision-making bears promise to benefit citizens, businesses and other stakeholders through simpler and more efficient civil processes, and thus has great impact on the urban planning and building process. However, automation of decision-making that is directed or constrained by normative systems such as laws, regulations and policies, requires a detailed and accurate representation of these concepts and their constituent parts, and the domain to which they are applied. In this paper, we combine two perspectives on formalisation and classification of legal relations within the urban planning and building domain. In a cross-disciplinary fashion, we analyse and describe a small part of this domain at a higher level of abstraction and formalization using two different analysis instruments. Using these tools, we perform structural and conceptual as well as logical analyses of two specific snapshots of a fictitious property subdivision case in Sweden, focusing on the legal relations between different entities and parties involved in the specific situations. The structural analysis uses the Land Administration Domain Model ISO 19152:2012 standard formalism, and the logical analysis is based on the notion of atomic types of legal relations. We discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of the two tools regarding the formal representation of rights, restrictions and responsibilities of different parties in the land administration domain, as well as how the tools relate to each other and how they can be aligned. We thus take one step towards a deeper understanding of the domain, and identify areas for future research that may provide better conditions for efficient and transparent use of geospatial information, and automation of the property subdivision process and other related civil processes.

A Methodology for the Development of Computer Ontologies Based Extractor Information

2011 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hacene Belhadef ◽  
Naouel Ouafek ◽  
Kholladi Mohamed-Khireddine
Keyword(s):  
Relational Model ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Conceptual Schema ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
Ontology Building ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Entity Relationships ◽  
Search And Retrieval

In this chapter we propose a new methodology for ontology building, which is based on a set of mapping rules from a conceptual schema (Entity-Relationship) and its corresponding logical model (relational model) toward a conceptual ontology. The proposed methodology consists of three big steps, which are, the Transformation (mapping), the Formalization and the Codification. The crucial step in the building process of this methodology, is the transformation, this last is based on an automatic extraction of information for a conceptual model ER (such as entities, relationship, properties and cardinalities). The data stored in the database (the schema extension) are extracted and used to create instances of the ontology. At the end of this stage we will have a complete conceptual ontology can be used in different applications. The objective behind this work has several aims, which can be exploited in many fields, among others, search and retrieval of relevant terms in a domain of discourse, our methodology minimizes the manual work and gives a good result in an optimal time, the second is to facilitate the migration of an information system based on a classical approach (entity-relationships and relational model) towards another solution based on an ontological approach, while retaining the principle of operation of the first system.

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