Affine Legendre Moment Invariants for Image Watermarking Robust to Geometric Distortions

Many proposed digital image watermarking techniques are sensitive to geometric attacks, such as rotation, scaling, translation, or their composites. Geometric distortions, even by slight amounts, can inevitably damage the watermark and/or disable the capability of the watermark detector to reliably perform its function. In this chapter, the authors exploit the invariant image features to design geometric distortions-invariant watermarking system, and present two watermarking techniques. First technique utilizes the bounding box scale-invariant feature transform and discrete orthogonal Hahn moments to embed the watermark into the selective image patches, and the second technique uses only the Hahn moments to globally embed watermark into the whole image. First technique is non-blind and uses the original image during detection. While exhibiting excellent resistance against different geometric distortions, this technique also has fairly good resistance to image cropping like attacks. However, this technique exhibits a reduced data payload. The second technique is designed to be blind and the watermark is blindly extracted using the independent component analysis. For this technique an improved data payload is achieved but with a little compromise on resistance against cropping like attacks. The implementations are supported with thorough discussions and the experimental results prove and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes against several kinds of geometric attacks.

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Geometric Distortions Correction Using Image Moment in Image Watermarking

Digital Watermarking for Digital Media ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-518-4.ch005 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 101-134

Author(s):

Zhang Li ◽

Sam Kwong

Keyword(s):

Image Watermarking ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Geometric Distortion ◽

Discrete Wavelet ◽

Geometric Distortions ◽

Geometric Moments ◽

Image Moment ◽

The Moment ◽

Distortion Parameters ◽

Geometrical Attacks

This chapter presents a method for detecting and recovering geometrical attacks in digital watermarking by making use of geometric moments of the original images. Digital image watermarking has become a popular technique for authentication and copyright protection. However, many proposed image watermarking techniques are sensitive to geometric distortions, such as rotation, scaling, and translation. In this chapter, we propose a new way of making this estimation by using the geometric moments of original image. The moment information can be used as a private key of extraction process. This method can be used as a preprocess of the extraction watermarking process. We have embedded different watermarks into original images in different domains including discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transfrom (DCT), fast Fourier transform, and spatial domain. The experimental results show that our method has a good robustness to wide geometric distortion parameters ranges and it is robust to Stirmark attacks.

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