Intraoperative Tissue Young’s Modulus Identification During Needle Insertion Using a Laterally Actuated Needle

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lehmann ◽  
Carlos Rossa ◽  
Nawaid Usmani ◽  
Ron S. Sloboda ◽  
Mahdi Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Needle Insertion

Friction Analysis in Needle Insertion Into Soft Tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingda Hu ◽  
Murong Li ◽  
Yong Lei
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Tissue Pressure ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic

Abstract As one of the preoperative diagnostic methods, needle insertion is widely used for its safety and effectiveness. Recently, robotic needle insertion systems have been under active developments. Hence needle insertion experiments are essential for system verifications, in which the interactions between needle and tissue is a major focus for needle-tissue interactive models, and the friction between the needle and tissue is an important factor. In these experiments, the friction coefficient can be affected by many factors, such as insertion speed, needle-tissue deformation and contact forces. In this paper, to study and analyze the influence of various variables on friction force and friction coefficient, three variables, i.e., tissue pressure on needle, needle insertion velocity and Young’s modulus of the tissue, are systematically studied by constructing a testbed, in which the radial surface friction is converted into equivalent plane friction based on the assumption that the distribution of the normal force and friction force on the needle is uniform for the whole needle outer surface. The experimental results show that the variation range of friction coefficient is 0.122–0.341. The friction coefficient decreases with the increase of pressure and increases with the increase of velocity, while Young’s modulus have a small effect on the friction coefficient.

scholarly journals Effect of young's modulus of porcine ligamentum flavum on the epidural needle insertion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (14) ◽  
pp. 473-477
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Naemura ◽  
Yoshikazu Matsumoto ◽  
Hideya Saito
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Epidural Needle

Mechanical properties of FeAlSi powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čech ◽  
Petr Haušild ◽  
Miroslav Karlík ◽  
Veronika Kadlecová ◽  
Jiří Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Complete Homogenization

FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials (Fe, Al, Si, FeAl27) were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation techniques were used to analyze microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). Finite element model was developed to account for the decrease in measured values of mechanical properties of powder particles with increasing penetration depth caused by surrounding soft resin used for embedding powder particles. Progressive homogenization of the powders’ microstructure and an increase of hardness and Young’s modulus with milling time were observed and the time for complete homogenization was estimated.

Degradation of Rocks, Through Cracking Caused by Differential Thermal Expansion, in Relation to Nuclear Waste Repositories

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Mclaren ◽  
R.W. Davidge ◽  
I. Titchell ◽  
K. Sincock ◽  
A. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Crack Density ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Multiphase Materials ◽  
Thermal Expansion Behaviour ◽  
Waste Repositories ◽  
Expansion Behaviour

ABSTRACTHeating to temperatures up to 500°C, gives a reduction in Young's modulus and increase in permeability of granitic rocks and it is likely that a major reason is grain boundary cracking. The cracking of grain boundary facets in polycrystalline multiphase materials showing anisotropic thermal expansion behaviour is controlled by several microstructural factors in addition to the intrinsic thermal and elastic properties. Of specific interest are the relative orientations of the two grains meeting at the facet, and the size of the facet; these factors thus introduce two statistical aspects to the problem and these are introduced to give quantitative data on crack density versus temperature. The theory is compared with experimental measurements of Young's modulus and permeability for various rocks as a function of temperature. There is good qualitative agreement, and the additional (mainly microstructural) data required for a quantitative comparison are defined.

Is it necessary to calculate Young’s modulus in AFM nanoindentation experiments regarding biological samples?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Kontomaris ◽  
A. Malamou ◽  
A. Stylianou
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Hertz Model ◽  
Work Done

Background: The determination of the mechanical properties of biological samples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at the nanoscale is usually performed using basic models arising from the contact mechanics theory. In particular, the Hertz model is the most frequently used theoretical tool for data processing. However, the Hertz model requires several assumptions such as homogeneous and isotropic samples and indenters with perfectly spherical or conical shapes. As it is widely known, none of these requirements are 100 % fulfilled for the case of indentation experiments at the nanoscale. As a result, significant errors arise in the Young’s modulus calculation. At the same time, an analytical model that could account complexities of soft biomaterials, such as nonlinear behavior, anisotropy, and heterogeneity, may be far-reaching. In addition, this hypothetical model would be ‘too difficult’ to be applied in real clinical activities since it would require very heavy workload and highly specialized personnel. Objective: In this paper a simple solution is provided to the aforementioned dead-end. A new approach is introduced in order to provide a simple and accurate method for the mechanical characterization at the nanoscale. Method: The ratio of the work done by the indenter on the sample of interest to the work done by the indenter on a reference sample is introduced as a new physical quantity that does not require homogeneous, isotropic samples or perfect indenters. Results: The proposed approach, not only provides an accurate solution from a physical perspective but also a simpler solution which does not require activities such as the determination of the cantilever’s spring constant and the dimensions of the AFM tip. Conclusion: The proposed, by this opinion paper, solution aims to provide a significant opportunity to overcome the existing limitations provided by Hertzian mechanics and apply AFM techniques in real clinical activities.

Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Banana Stem Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Crystallinity of PLA Composite Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voravadee Suchaiya ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Banana Stem

This work focused on the preparation of the biocomposite films of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) prepared from agricultural waste, banana stem fiber, and commercial microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101. Banana stem microcrystalline cellulose (BS MCC) was prepared by three steps, delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. PLA and two types of MCC were processed using twin screw extruder and fabricated into film by a compression molding. The mechanical and crystalline behaviors of the biocomopsite films were investigated as a function of type and amount of MCC. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA composites were increased when concentration of MCC increased. Particularly, banana stem (BS MCC) can enhance tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA composites than the commercial MCC (Avicel PH 101) because BS MCC had better dispersion in PLA matrix than Avicel PH 101. This result was confirmed by SEM image of fractured surface of PLA composites. In addition, XRD patterns of BS MCC/PLA composites exhibited higher crystalline peak than that of Avicel PH 101/PLA composites

scholarly journals Out-of-Plane Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Biaxial Young’s Modulus of Sputtered ITO Thin Films

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Chuen-Lin Tien ◽  
Tsai-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ito Thin Films

This paper proposes a measuring apparatus and method for simultaneous determination of the thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. ITO thin films simultaneously coated on N-BK7 and S-TIM35 glass substrates were prepared by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition. The thermo-mechanical parameters of ITO thin films were investigated experimentally. Thermal stress in sputtered ITO films was evaluated by an improved Twyman–Green interferometer associated with wavelet transform at different temperatures. When the heating temperature increased from 30 °C to 100 °C, the tensile thermal stress of ITO thin films increased. The increase in substrate temperature led to the decrease of total residual stress deposited on two glass substrates. A linear relationship between the thermal stress and substrate heating temperature was found. The thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of the films were measured by the double substrate method. The results show that the out of plane thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of the ITO film were 5.81 × 10−6 °C−1 and 475 GPa.

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