Synthesis of simultaneous sum and difference patterns in uniformly excited time-modulated linear arrays using firefly algorithm

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Mukherjee ◽  
S. K. Mandal ◽  
G. K. Mahanti ◽  
Rowdra Ghatak
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Linear Arrays

Linear Arrays of Helical Polyribosomes in Cells Exposed to Antitumor Drug Vincristine Sulfate

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Vincristine Sulfate ◽  
Linear Arrays ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Related Drug ◽  
Drug Leads ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Earle's L-929 fibroblasts treated with mitosis-arresting but sub-lethal doses of vinblastine sulfate (VLB) show hypertrophy of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and annulate lamellae. Exposure of the cells to heavier doses of vincristine sulfate (VCR), a VLB-related drug, leads to the accumulation of large amounts of helical polyribosomes, Golgi membranes and crystals in the cytoplasm. In many of these cells a large number of helical polyribosomes are arranged in prominent linear rows, some of which may be up to 5 micrometers in length. Figure 1 shows a large array of helical polyribosomes near a crystalline mass (CRS) in an Earle's L-929 fibroblast exposed to VCR (5ϒ/ml.) for 3 hours At a higher magnification, as seen in figure 2, the helical polyribosomes are seen arranged in parallel rows. In favorably cut sections, a prominent backbone like "stalk" of finely granular material, measuring approximately 300Å in width is seen in close association with the linear rows of helical polyribosomes.

Fuzzy multi-objective location and routing problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3259-3273
Author(s):  
Nasser Shahsavari-Pour ◽  
Najmeh Bahram-Pour ◽  
Mojde Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Location Routing Problem ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Location Routing ◽  
The Cost

The location-routing problem is a research area that simultaneously solves location-allocation and vehicle routing issues. It is critical to delivering emergency goods to customers with high reliability. In this paper, reliability in location and routing problems was considered as the probability of failure in depots, vehicles, and routs. The problem has two objectives, minimizing the cost and maximizing the reliability, the latter expressed by minimizing the expected cost of failure. First, a mathematical model of the problem was presented and due to its NP-hard nature, it was solved by a meta-heuristic approach using a NSGA-II algorithm and a discrete multi-objective firefly algorithm. The efficiency of these algorithms was studied through a complete set of examples and it was found that the multi-objective discrete firefly algorithm has a better Diversification Metric (DM) index; the Mean Ideal Distance (MID) and Spacing Metric (SM) indexes are only suitable for small to medium problems, losing their effectiveness for big problems.

A SVD and Modified Firefly Optimization Based Robust Digital Image Watermarking Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Chauhan Usha ◽  
Singh Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Singular Values ◽  
Robust Watermarking ◽  
Scaling Factors ◽  
Geometric Attacks ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Firefly Optimization ◽  
Value Decomposition

Digital Watermarking is a technology, to facilitate the authentication, copyright protection and Security of digital media. The objective of developing a robust watermarking technique is to incorporate the maximum possible robustness without compromising with the transparency. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) using Firefly Algorithm provides this objective of an optimal robust watermarking technique. Multiple scaling factors are used to embed the watermark image into the host by multiplying these scaling factors with the Singular Values (SV) of the host image. Firefly Algorithm is used to optimize the modified host image to achieve the highest possible robustness and transparency. This approach can significantly increase the quality of watermarked image and provide more robustness to the embedded watermark against various attacks such as noise, geometric attacks, filtering attacks etc.

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