Multi-channel Trans-impedance Leadforming for Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: Algorithm Development and Feasibility Assessment using In Vivo Animal Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Kyounghun Lee ◽  
Geuk Young Jang ◽  
Yongmin Kim ◽  
Eung Je Woo
Keyword(s):  
Algorithm Development ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Algorithm

scholarly journals Thrombocytopoietic properties of oncostatin M

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1310-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Wallace ◽  
JF MacMaster ◽  
JR Rillema ◽  
J Peng ◽  
SA Burstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colony Formation ◽  
Oncostatin M ◽  
Platelet Recovery ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Maturation Factor ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility

Oncostatin M (OM) is a 28-kD glycoprotein that exhibits a panoply of biologic effects. Based on histologic observations of increased splenic megakaryocytes in nude mice implanted with an OM-secreting cell line, the thrombocytopoietic properties of OM in mice were investigated in culture and in vivo. Alone, OM did not induce megakaryocytic colony formation, but in combination with murine interleukin-3 (IL-3), OM markedly enhanced colony formation. The effects of OM on colony formation were similar to those of IL-6. OM alone augmented acetylcholinesterase in short-term marrow cultures. In normal mice, the administration of OM augmented platelet counts without increasing other circulating blood cell counts. The increment in counts exceeded that observed with IL-6. The kinetics of the OM response suggested that maximal increases in platelets occurred 3 days after the cessation of OM administration, irrespective of the duration of administration. In irradiated mice, OM administration accelerated platelet recovery and prevented the decrease in red blood cells observed in irradiated control animals. The data show that OM behaves as a megakaryocytic maturation factor in vitro and augments platelet production in vivo. Based on these animal data, OM may have potential clinical utility as a thrombocytopoietic agent.

scholarly journals A comparison of two Hill-type skeletal muscle models on the construction of medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves in humans in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Hoffman ◽  
G. A. Lichtwark ◽  
T. J. Carroll ◽  
A. G. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Passive Tension ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Tension Curves ◽  
Resting Muscle ◽  
Heel Lift

Human length-tension curves are traditionally constructed using a model that assumes passive tension does not change during contraction ( model A) even though the animal literature suggests that passive tension can decrease ( model B). The study's aims were threefold: 1) measure differences in human medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves using model A vs. model B, 2) test the reliability of ultrasound constructed length-tension curves, and 3) test the robustness of fascicle length-generated length-tension curves to variations between the angle and fascicle length relationship. An isokinetic dynamometer manipulated and measured ankle angle while ultrasound was used to measure medial gastrocnemius fascicle length. Supramaximal tibial nerve stimulation was used to evoke resting muscle twitches. Length-tension curves were constructed using model A {angle-torque [A-T(A)], length-torque [L-T(A)]} or model B {length-torque [L-T(B)]} in three conditions: baseline, heel-lift (where the muscle was shortened at each angle), and baseline repeated 2 h later (+2 h). Length-tension curves constructed from model B differed from those produced via model A, indicated by a significant increase in maximum torque (≈23%) when using L-T(B) vs. L-T(A). No parameter measured was different between baseline and +2 h for any method, indicating good reliability when using ultrasound. Length-tension curves were unaffected by the heel-lift condition when using L-T(A) or L-T(B) but were affected when using A-T(A). Since the muscle model used significantly alters human length-tension curves, and given animal data indicate model B to be more accurate when passive tension is present, we recommend that model B should be used when constructing medial gastrocnemius length-tension curves in humans in vivo.

scholarly journals Prediction of deoxynivalenol toxicokinetics in humans by in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation and allometric scaling of in vivo animal data

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2195-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Kruse Fæste ◽  
Lada Ivanova ◽  
Amin Sayyari ◽  
Ulrik Hansen ◽  
Tore Sivertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
In Vivo Extrapolation

The Necessity of Biokinetic Information in the Interpretation of In Vitro Toxicity Data

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas J. Blaauboer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment ◽  
Critical Site ◽  
Dose Metric

Data derived from in vitro toxicity studies are not directly applicable in an assessment of the toxicity of compounds in intact organisms. The major limitation is the lack of knowledge of biokinetic behaviour in vivo. Since the toxicity of a compound will be determined by the critical concentration (or other dose metric) of the critical compound (or a metabolite thereof) at the critical site of toxic action, biokinetic behaviour must be taken into account. Possibilities of biokinetic modelling on the basis of in vitro and other non-animal data are discussed, and the application of the results in hazard and risk-assessment schedules is considered.

scholarly journals Aging Aggravates Nitrate-Mediated ROS/RNS Changes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Fan ◽  
Lifen Chen ◽  
Shujuan Cheng ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Wayne Bond Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Nitrate Therapy ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

Nitrates are the most frequently prescribed and utilized drugs worldwide. The elderly are a major population receiving nitrate therapy. Both nitrates and aging can increase in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). To date, the effects of aging upon nitrate-induced ROS/RNS alteration are unknown. The present study tested the effects of aging upon nitrate-induced ROS/RNS alteration in vivo. 32 adults and 43 elderly unstable angina (UA) patients were subjected to 48 hours of isosorbide dinitrate intravenous injection (50 μg/minutes) in this clinical study. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and conclusion. Outcome measures of oxidative stress included plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Plasma concentrations of NOxand nitrotyrosine served as markers of RNS. Because of the significant differences in basic clinical characters between adults and the elderly, we designed an additional experiment determining ROS/RNS stress in rat cardiac tissue. Additionally, rat thoracic aortic NOS activity served as a marker indicating endothelial function. Our study demonstrated that nitrate therapy significantly increased in vivo ROS/RNS stress in the elderly compared to adult patients, confirmed by animal data. Decreased NOS activity was observed in old rats. Taken together, the present study’s data suggests a synergism between nitrate treatment and the aging process.

scholarly journals New approaches in small animal echocardiography: imaging the sounds of silence

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. H1765-H1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Ram ◽  
Deanne M. Mickelsen ◽  
Catherine Theodoropoulos ◽  
Burns C. Blaxall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Fetal Echocardiography ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Injury Models ◽  
Murine Echocardiography

Systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) is a hallmark of most cardiac diseases. In vivo assessment of heart function in animal models, particularly mice, is essential to refining our understanding of cardiovascular disease processes. Ultrasound echocardiography has emerged as a powerful, noninvasive tool to serially monitor cardiac performance and map the progression of heart dysfunction in murine injury models. This review covers current applications of small animal echocardiography, as well as emerging technologies that improve evaluation of LV function. In particular, we describe speckle-tracking imaging-based regional LV analysis, a recent advancement in murine echocardiography with proven clinical utility. This sensitive measure enables an early detection of subtle myocardial defects before global dysfunction in genetically engineered and rodent surgical injury models. Novel visualization technologies that allow in-depth phenotypic assessment of small animal models, including perfusion imaging and fetal echocardiography, are also discussed. As imaging capabilities continue to improve, murine echocardiography will remain a critical component of the investigator's armamentarium in translating animal data to enhanced clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Toward a Better Testing Paradigm for Developmental Neurotoxicity: OECD Efforts and Regulatory Considerations

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Magdalini Sachana ◽  
Timothy J. Shafer ◽  
Andrea Terron
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Developmental Neurotoxicity ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Animal Data

Characterization of potential chemical-induced developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard is considered for risk assessment purposes by many regulatory sectors. However, due to test complexity, difficulty in interpreting results and need of substantial resources, the use of the in vivo DNT test guidelines has been limited and animal data on DNT are scarce. To address challenging endpoints such as DNT, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) chemical safety program has been working lately toward the development of integrated approaches for testing and assessment (IATA) that rely on a combination of multiple layers of data (e.g., in vitro, in silico and non-mammalian in vivo models) that are supported by mechanistic knowledge organized according to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. In 2017, the OECD convened a dedicated OECD expert group to develop a guidance document on the application and interpretation of data derived from a DNT testing battery that relies on key neurodevelopmental processes and is complemented by zebrafish assays. This review will provide a brief overview of the OECD DNT project and summarize various achievements of relevance to the project. The review also presents an opportunity to describe considerations for uptake of the DNT in an in vitro battery in a regulatory context.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of the Efficacy of FK506 in Experimental Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. Macleod ◽  
Tori O'Collins ◽  
Laura L. Horky ◽  
David W. Howells ◽  
Geoffrey A. Donnan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
Reported Study

FK506 is a candidate drug for acute stroke. For such drugs, any decision to proceed to clinical trial should be based on a full and unbiased assessment of the animal data, and consideration should be given to the limitations of those data. Such an assessment should include not only the efficacy of a drug but also the in vivo characteristics and limits to that efficacy. Here we use systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence for a protective effect of FK506 in animal models of stroke. In all, 29 studies were identified describing procedures involving 1759 animals. The point estimate for the effect of FK506 was a 31.3% (95% confidence interval 27.2% to 35.4%) improvement in outcome. Efficacy was higher with ketamine anaesthesia and temporary ischaemia and was lower in rats, in animals with comorbidities, and where outcome was measured as infarct size alone. Reported study quality was modest by clinical trial standards, and efficacy was lower in high-quality studies. These findings show a substantial efficacy for FK506 in experimental stroke, but raise concerns that our estimate of effect size might be too high because of factors such as study quality and possible publication bias.

scholarly journals Copper Modulation as a Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmina Manso ◽  
Gemma Comes ◽  
Juan Hidalgo ◽  
Ashley I. Bush ◽  
Paul A. Adlard
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Behavioural Performance

The role of metals in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gained considerable support in recent years, with both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating that a mis-metabolism of metal ions, such as copper and zinc, may affect various cellular cascades that ultimately leads to the development and/or potentiation of AD. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the preclinical and clinical literature that specifically relates to attempts to affect the AD cascade by the modulation of brain copper levels. We will also detail our own novel animal data, where we treated APP/PS1 (7-8 months old) mice with either high copper (20 ppm in the drinking water), high cholesterol (2% supplement in the food) or a combination of both and then assessedβ-amyloid (Aβ) burden (soluble and insoluble Aβ), APP levels and behavioural performance in the Morris water maze. These data support an interaction between copper/cholesterol and both Aβand APP and further highlight the potential role of metal ion dyshomeostasis in AD.

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