scholarly journals Investigation of Injection Depth for Subretinal Delivery of Exogenous Glutamate to Restore Vision via Biomimetic Chemical Neuromodulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Corey M. Rountree ◽  
John B. Troy ◽  
Laxman Saggere
Keyword(s):  
Injection Depth

scholarly journals Effect of Air Injection Depth on Big-bubble Formation in Lamellar Keratoplasty: an Ex Vivo Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Sik Yoo ◽  
Woong-Joo Whang ◽  
Min-Ji Kang ◽  
Je-Hyung Hwang ◽  
Yong-Soo Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Big Bubble

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Injection Depth Does Not Affect the Pharmacokinetics or Glucodynamics of Insulin Lispro in Normal Weight or Healthy Obese Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo de la Peña ◽  
Kwee P. Yeo ◽  
Helle Linnebjerg ◽  
Edward Catton ◽  
Shobha Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Lispro ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Healthy Obese

Efficacy of Ethylene as a Germination Stimulant ofStriga hermonthicaSeed

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz F. Bebawi ◽  
Robert E. Eplee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
The North ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Injection Apparatus

Ethylene gas stimulated seed germination of the pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum(L.) K. Schum] strain ofStriga hermonthica(Del.) Benth. # STRHE) in two soil types in the North Kordofan Region of Sudan. Soils were the noncracking clay pediplain or ‘Gardud’, in Arabic, and the stabilized sand locally called ‘Qoz’. Ethylene at 1.5 kg ai/ha induced greater seed germination (suicidal seed germination) in the Gardud soil than in the Qoz soil. However, ethylene at 3.0 kg ai/ha was better on Qoz than Gardud soil. The effect of injection depth of ethylene was dependent on soil type. Ethylene was more effective when injected at a 15-cm depth in the Gardud soil and at a 30-cm depth in the Qoz soil. The viable population ofS. hermonthicaseed was reduced by suicidal seed germination at soil depth to 60 cm and to a horizontal distance of 25 cm from the point of ethylene injection. Ethylene-induced germination reduced seed population by 67 and 34% in Gardud and Qoz soils, respectively. A single injection of ethylene diffused up to 300 cm horizontally and up to 60 cm vertically and caused 12.6 and 8.5% reduction in viable 5.hermonthicaseed in Gardud and Qoz soils, respectively. The potential of ethylene gas as an effective tool in striga control operations in a pediplain and stabilized sand soil such as is found in N. Kordofan is dependent upon the availability of the gas and the injection apparatus and the economics of its application.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Human Factors and Pen Needle Design on Insulin Pen Injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rini ◽  
Bruce C. Roberts ◽  
Didier Morel ◽  
Rick Klug ◽  
Benjamin Selvage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Needle Penetration ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
The Impact

Background: Limited published data exists quantifying the influence of human factors (HF) and pen needle (PN) design on delivery outcomes of pen injection systems. This preclinical in vivo study examines the impact of PN hub design and applied force against the skin during injection on needle penetration depth (NPD). Method: To precisely locate injection depth, PN injections (20 µl; 2 IU, U-100 volume equivalent) of iodinated contrast agent were administered to the flank of Yorkshire swine across a range of clinically relevant application forces against the skin (0.25, 0.75, 1.25, and 2.0 lbf). The NPD, representing in vivo needle tip depth in SC tissue, from four 32 G × 4 mm PN devices (BD Nano™ 2nd Gen and three commercial posted-hub PN devices; n = 75/device/force, 1200 total) was measured by fluoroscopic imaging of the resulting depot. Results: The reengineered hub design more closely achieved the 4 mm target NPD with significantly less variability ( P = .006) than commercial posted-hub PN devices across the range of applied injection forces. Calculations of IM (intramuscular) injection risk completed through in silico probability model, using NPD and average human tissue thickness measurements, displayed a commensurate reduction (~2-8x) compared to conventional PN hub designs. Conclusions: Quantifiable differences in injection depth were observed between identical labeled length PN devices indicating that hub design features, coupled with aspects of variable injection technique, may influence injection depth accuracy and consistency. The reengineered hub design may reduce the impact of unintended individual technique differences by improving target injection depth consistency and reducing IM injection potential.

scholarly journals Fine Wrinkle Treatment and Hydration on the Facial Dermis Using HydroToxin Mixture of MicroBotox and MicroHyaluronic Acid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Seo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration ◽  
Crow’S Feet ◽  
The Face ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key contributor to skin moisture (hydration), and MicroBotox demonstrates improvements for fine wrinkles of the face. Objectives The author sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intradermal injection of hydrotoxin (combined mixture of MicroHA and MicroBotox) for the treatment of skin roughness and dryness on facial dermis. Methods Fifty women who had thin, dry skin with fine wrinkles throughout the whole face, especially in the crow’s feet and forehead areas, were enrolled in the study. Two cc stabilized-HA filler and 1 cc (40 U) of botulinumtoxinA were mixed in the novel combined hydrotoxin mixture. Intended to hydrate the dermis and treat fine wrinkles of the face, the mixture was injected into the real dermal layer of the face. The volume of HA per site was 0.002 cc and toxin was 0.04 U. Skin roughness and stratum corneum hydration were measured at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Results One month post-treatment, skin roughness was reduced to 50.19% in topographic computer analysis utilizing 10× dermascope photos. Stratum corneum hydration on crow’s feet improved to 81.34% at 1 month and 56.12% at 2 months from pre-treatment baseline (P < 0.0001). Global Aesthetic improvement scale of Skin hydration and fine wrinkle improved. Conclusions The combination injection method of MicroHA and MicroBotox is not associated with side effects and showed significant synergic effect in improvement of skin roughness and moisturizing. Neuramix-hydrotoxin injection method is an easy and reproducible procedure to make constant injection depth and amount. Level of Evidence: 4

Injection-depth-locking axial motion guided handheld micro-injector using CP-SSOCT

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeong Woo Cheon ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Hye Rin Kwag ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
Russell H. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Motion ◽  
Injection Depth

scholarly journals Oklahoma's induced seismicity strongly linked to wastewater injection depth

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 359 (6381) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Hincks ◽  
Willy Aspinall ◽  
Roger Cooke ◽  
Thomas Gernon
Keyword(s):  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Injection Depth

A comparison of passive seismic monitoring of fracture stimulation from water and C O2 injection

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. MA1-MA7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Verdon ◽  
J.-Michael Kendall ◽  
Shawn C. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Shear Wave Splitting ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wave Splitting ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Injection Depth

Hydraulic fracturing is used to create pathways for fluid migration and to stimulate production. Usually, water is the injected fluid, although alternative fluids such as carbon dioxide [Formula: see text] have been used recently. The amount of fracturing that [Formula: see text] can induce is also of interest for the security of carbon capture and storage. Hydraulic fracturing is usually monitored using passive seismic arrays, detecting microseismic events generated by the fracturing. It is of interest to compare the amount of seismicity that [Formula: see text] injection can generate in comparison with water. With this in mind, we have analyzed a passive seismic data set monitoring the injection of water and supercritical [Formula: see text] under very similar conditions, allowing us to make a direct comparison be-tween the fluids. We examined event locations and event magnitudes, and we used shear-wave splitting to image the fractures that are generated. For both fluids,the event locations map the formation of fractures moving away from the injection well with normals parallel to the minimum principal stress. The events during water injection are limited to the injection depth, while during [Formula: see text] injection, activity migrates above the injection depth. Event magnitudes are similar in both cases, and larger event magnitudes appear to correlate with higher injection pressures. Shear-wave splitting suggests that water injection generates more fractures, though the data quality is not good enough to make a robust conclusion about this. The comparability between water and [Formula: see text] injection means that lessons can be learned from the abundant experience of conventional water injection.

Stress analysis of a condylar knee tibial component: Influence of metaphyseal shell properties and cement injection depth

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Cheal ◽  
Wilson C. Hayes ◽  
Chong H. Lee ◽  
Brian D. Snyder ◽  
Jo Miller
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Tibial Component ◽  
Cement Injection ◽  
Injection Depth

scholarly journals Technology for Preventing the Wax Deposit Formation in Gas-Lift Wells at Offshore Oil and Gas Fields in Vietnam

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5016
Author(s):  
Mikhail Konstantinovich Rogachev ◽  
Thang Nguyen Van ◽  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Tubing String ◽  
Optimal Injection ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Gas Lift

Within the past few decades, the production of high-wax oils at offshore fields in Vietnam has been fraught with severe problems due to the intense formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the downhole oil and gas equipment. The formation of organic wax deposits in the tubing string led to a significant decrease in gas-lift wells production, efficiency of compressor units, transport capacity of the piping systems, along with an increase in equipment failure. Subsequently, the efficiency of gas-lift wells dramatically decreased to less than 40% as a whole. The existing methods and technologies for combating organic wax deposit formation in downhole equipment have many advantages. However, their use in producing high-wax anomalous oil does not entirely prevent the wax formation in the tubing string and leads to a significant reduction in oil production, transport capacity, and treatment intervals. The results of theoretical and experimental studies presented in this article demonstrate that a promising approach to improve the efficiency of gas-lift wells during the production of high-wax oil is to use the technology of periodic injection of hot associated petroleum gas (APG) into the annulus of an oil-producing well. The effectiveness of the proposed method of combating wax formation in gas-lift wells highly depends on the combination of a few factors: the determination of wax deposit formation intensity in the well and the implementation of a set of preparatory measures to determine the optimal injection mode of hot APG (flow rate and injection depth) into the annulus between tubing strings and technological pipes. The injection depth of the hot APG should not be less than the depth of wax formation in the tubing string. The optimal injection rate of hot APG is determined by analyzing and mathematically modeling the APG injection system based on well-known thermodynamic laws.

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