scholarly journals Vestibulo-Ocular Responses Evoked Via Bilateral Electrical Stimulation of the Lateral Semicircular Canals

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2608-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangsong Gong ◽  
Csilla Haburcakova ◽  
Daniel M. Merfeld
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Binocular 3D otolith-ocular reflexes: responses of chinchillas to prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting the utricle and saccule

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin N. Hageman ◽  
Margaret R. Chow ◽  
Dale Roberts ◽  
Peter J. Boutros ◽  
Angela Tooker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

From animal experiments by Cohen and Suzuki et al. in the 1960s to the first-in-human clinical trials now in progress, prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve has proven effective at driving directionally appropriate vestibulo-ocular reflex eye movements, postural responses, and perception. That work was considerably facilitated by the fact that all hair cells and primary afferent neurons in each canal have the same directional sensitivity to head rotation, the three canals’ ampullary nerves are geometrically distinct from one another, and electrically evoked three-dimensional (3D) canal-ocular reflex responses approximate a simple vector sum of linearly independent components representing relative excitation of each of the three canals. In contrast, selective prosthetic stimulation of the utricle and saccule has been difficult to achieve, because hair cells and afferents with many different directional sensitivities are densely packed in those endorgans and the relationship between 3D otolith-ocular reflex responses and the natural and/or prosthetic stimuli that elicit them is more complex. As a result, controversy exists regarding whether selective, controllable stimulation of electrically evoked otolith-ocular reflexes (eeOOR) is possible. Using micromachined, planar arrays of electrodes implanted in the labyrinth, we quantified 3D, binocular eeOOR responses to prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals of alert chinchillas. Stimuli delivered via near-bipolar electrode pairs near the maculae elicited sustained ocular countertilt responses that grew reliably with pulse rate and pulse amplitude, varied in direction according to which stimulating electrode was employed, and exhibited temporal dynamics consistent with responses expected for isolated macular stimulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY As the second in a pair of papers on Binocular 3D Otolith-Ocular Reflexes, this paper describes new planar electrode arrays and vestibular prosthesis architecture designed to target the three semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule. With this technological advancement, electrically evoked otolith-ocular reflexes due to stimulation via utricle- and saccule-targeted electrodes were recorded in chinchillas. Results demonstrate advances toward achieving selective stimulation of the utricle and saccule.

scholarly journals Auditory outcomes following implantation and electrical stimulation of the semicircular canals

2012 ◽  
Vol 287 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Bierer ◽  
Leo Ling ◽  
Kaibao Nie ◽  
Albert F. Fuchs ◽  
Chris R.S. Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Stimulation Of
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