Reference architecture and maturity levels for cyber-physical systems in the mechanical engineering industry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Westermann ◽  
H. Anacker ◽  
R. Dumitrescu ◽  
A. Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems

scholarly journals Using AutomationML and Graph-Based Design Languages for Automatic Generation of Digital Twins of Cyber-Physical Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Beisheim ◽  
Markus Kiesel ◽  
Markus Linde ◽  
Tobias Ott
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Design Languages

The interdisciplinary development of smart factories and cyber-physical systems CPS shows the weaknesses of classical development methods. For example, the communication of the interdisciplinary participants in the development process of CPS is difficult due to a lack of cross-domain language comprehension. At the same time, the functional complexity of the systems to be developed increases and they act operationally as independent CPSs. And it is not only the product that needs to be developed, but also the manufacturing processes are complex. The use of graph-based design languages offers a technical solution to these challenges. The UML-based structures offer a cross-domain language understanding for all those involved in the interdisciplinary development process. Simulations are required for the rapid and successful development of new products. Depending on the functional scope, graphical simulations of the production equipment are used to simulate the manufacturing processes as a digital factory or a virtual commissioning simulation. Due to the high number of functional changes during the development process, it makes sense to automatically generate the simulation modelling as digital twins of the products or means of production from the graph-based design languages. The paper describes how digital twins are automatically generated using AutomationML according to the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) or the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA).

scholarly journals Engineering human-focused Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems in Industry 4.0 context

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2207) ◽  
pp. 20200366
Author(s):  
Armando Walter Colombo ◽  
Stamatis Karnouskos ◽  
Christoph Hanisch
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Ecosystem

The world is increasingly interconnected, and this can also be seen in industry, where an ecosystem of digitalized assets, and humans with appropriate digital interfaces, constantly interact with each other. Digital transformation efforts in the industry rely on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems that are driven by service-based cooperation among humans and digitalized industrial assets. This implies a radical paradigm change in their engineering and operation, which is focused on the symbiosis of digitalized assets and humans that cohabit a collaboration-driven industrial ecosystem. This work discusses how a digital transformation can effectively be achieved in an industrial ecosystem via a digitalization process performed along the three dimensions of the Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0, facilitated by the specification, development and implementation of an Asset Administration Shell. The discussion focus is put on humans and how the digitally transformed industrial environments empower her/his capabilities and interactions. It is also critically pointed out how one should go beyond technology and consider additional aspects. Therefore, it is argued that human-centred efforts in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) should be seen in the larger context of sustainability and circular economy in order to properly consider the interplay of the involved socio-technical dimensions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.

scholarly journals Urgency of “industry 4.0” concept introduction in modern mechanical engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Ингеманссон ◽  
Aleksandr Ingemansson
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Engineering Management ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Technological Control ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Software And Hardware

The contents of the “Industry 4.0” concept are revealed. The basic principles of “Industry 4.0” concepts, “Internet things” and the contents of the so-called the “Fourth industrial revolution” are described. The promising trend in mechanical engineering due to the creation and integration of cyber-physical systems including technological, control, transport and other equipment is characterized. The review of current software and hardware tools for efficiency increase in mechanical engineering management of – MES-, APS-, SCADA-, MDC- systems. The purposeful trends and criteria of efficiency estimate in the introduction of cyber-physical systems for the realization of the “Industry 4.0” concept in mechanical engineering are characterized.

scholarly journals Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering in Cyber-Physical Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 591629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minvydas Ragulskis ◽  
Hongyuan Jiang ◽  
Quan Quan ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Gongnan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems

Designing Run-time Evolution for Dependable and Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems Using Digital Twins

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Luis F. Rivera ◽  
Miguel Jiménez ◽  
Gabriel Tamura ◽  
Norha M. Villegas ◽  
Hausi A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Autonomic Computing ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Physical Assets

The proliferation of Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (SCPS) is increasingly blurring the boundaries between physical and virtual entities. This trend is revolutionizing multiple application domains along the whole human activity spectrum, while pushing the growth of new businesses and innovations such as smart manufacturing, cities and transportation systems, as well as personalized healthcare. Technological advances in the Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence have effected tremendous progress toward the autonomic control of SCPS operations. However, the inherently dynamic nature of physical environments challenges SCPS’ ability to perform adequate control actions over managed physical assets in myriad of contexts. From a design perspective, this issue is related to the system states of operation that cannot be predicted entirely at design time, and the consequential need to define adequate capabilities for run-time self-adaptation and self-evolution. Nevertheless, adaptation and evolution actions must be assessed before realizing them in the managed system in order to ensure resiliency while minimizing the risks. Therefore, the design of SCPS must address not only dependable autonomy but also operational resiliency. In light of this, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose a reference architecture for designing dependable and resilient SCPS that integrates concepts from the research areas of Digital Twin, Adaptive Control and Autonomic Computing. Second, we propose a model identification mechanism for guiding self-evolution, based on continuous experimentation, evolutionary optimization and dynamic simulation, as the architecture’s first major component for dependable autonomy. Third, we propose an adjustment mechanism for self-adaptation, based on gradient descent, as the architecture’s second major component, addressing operational resiliency. Our contributions aim to further advance the research of reliable self-adaptation and self-evolution mechanisms and their inclusion in the design of SCPS. Finally, we evaluate our contributions by implementing prototypes and showing their viability using real data from a case study in the domain of intelligent transportation systems.

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