Just Noticeable Distortion Model and Its Application in Color Image Watermarking

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Distortion Model ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion

A Combined just Noticeable Distortion Model-Guided Color Image Watermarking Scheme

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Wang Sheng Fang ◽  
Yu Nan Li ◽  
Lu Lu Wu ◽  
Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Arnold Transform ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Distortion Model ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Content Information

A new color image watermarking scheme is presented. The visual characteristics of HVS, multi-resolution of discrete wavelet transform, and color image content information are adopted to classify the wavelet coefficients and find a new JND model. The embedded watermark is processed by Arnold transform and chaotic modulation, which can improve the security of scheme. The combined JND model-guided watermarking scheme provides the maximum strength transparent watermark to compromise the robustness and invisibility. Both better invisibility and robustness work than other algorithms based on HVS are shown in the experimental results.

scholarly journals Color image watermarking using multidimensional Fourier transforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quaternion Fourier Transform ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion ◽  
Human Eyes

This thesis presents two vector watermarking schemes that are based on the use of complex and quaternion Fourier transforms and demonstrates, for the first time, how to embed watermarks into the coefficients consistent with our human visual systems (HVS). Watermark casting is performed by estimating the Just-Noticeable distortion (JND) of the images, to ensure watermark invisibility. The first method encodes the chromatic content of a color image as CIE a*b* chromaticity coordinates whereas the achromatic content is encoded as CIE L tristimulus value. Color watermarks (yellow and blue) are embedded in the frequency domain of the chromatic channels by using Spatio Chromatic Discrete Fourier Transform (SCDFT). It first encodes a* and b* as complex values, followed by a single discrete Fourier Transform. The most interesting characteristic of the scheme is the possibility of performing watermarking in the frequency domain of chromatic components. The second method encodes the L*a*b* components of color images and color watermarks are embedded as vectors in the frequency domain of the channels by using the Quaternion Fourier Transform (QFT). The idea is twofold: Robustness is achieved by embedding a color watermark in the coefficient with positive frequency, which spreads it to all components in the spatial domain. On the other hand, invisibility is satisfied by modifying the coefficient with negative frequency, such that the combined effects of the two are insensitive to human eyes

scholarly journals Color image watermarking using multidimensional Fourier transforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quaternion Fourier Transform ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion ◽  
Human Eyes

This thesis presents two vector watermarking schemes that are based on the use of complex and quaternion Fourier transforms and demonstrates, for the first time, how to embed watermarks into the coefficients consistent with our human visual systems (HVS). Watermark casting is performed by estimating the Just-Noticeable distortion (JND) of the images, to ensure watermark invisibility. The first method encodes the chromatic content of a color image as CIE a*b* chromaticity coordinates whereas the achromatic content is encoded as CIE L tristimulus value. Color watermarks (yellow and blue) are embedded in the frequency domain of the chromatic channels by using Spatio Chromatic Discrete Fourier Transform (SCDFT). It first encodes a* and b* as complex values, followed by a single discrete Fourier Transform. The most interesting characteristic of the scheme is the possibility of performing watermarking in the frequency domain of chromatic components. The second method encodes the L*a*b* components of color images and color watermarks are embedded as vectors in the frequency domain of the channels by using the Quaternion Fourier Transform (QFT). The idea is twofold: Robustness is achieved by embedding a color watermark in the coefficient with positive frequency, which spreads it to all components in the spatial domain. On the other hand, invisibility is satisfied by modifying the coefficient with negative frequency, such that the combined effects of the two are insensitive to human eyes

Combining double random phase encoding for color image watermarking in quaternion gyrator domain

2015 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuhong Shao ◽  
Yuping Duan ◽  
Gouenou Coatrieux ◽  
Jiasong Wu ◽  
Jinyu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Random Phase ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Phase Encoding ◽  
Double Random Phase Encoding ◽  
Random Phase Encoding
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