Inaccessible Area and Effort Consumption Dynamics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kral ◽  
Michal Zemlicka
Keyword(s):  
Inaccessible Area ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

Sizzle or Fizzle? Supply and Consumption Dynamics of Home Cooked Food on Sharing Platforms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobo Li ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Jianxiong Huang ◽  
Ram Gopal ◽  
Zhijie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cooked Food ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

scholarly journals Research on Secure Debugging Interaction of Sensor Nodes Based on Visible Light Communication

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchu Yin ◽  
Jiefan Qiu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Mingsheng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Source Coding ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Inaccessible Area

When a wireless sensor node’s wireless communication fails after being deployed in an inaccessible area, the lost node cannot be repaired through a debugging interaction that relies on that communication. Visible light communication (VLC) as a supplement of radio wave communication can improve the transmission security at the physical layer due to its unidirectional propagation characteristic. Therefore, we implemented a VLC-based hybrid communication debugging system (HCDS) based on VLC using smartphone and sensor node. For the system’s downlink, the smartphone is taken as the VLC gateway and sends the debugging codes to the sensor node by the flashlight. To improve the transmission efficiency of the downlink, we also propose a new coding method for source coding and channel coding, respectively. For the source coding, we analyze the binary instructions and compress the operands using bitmask techniques. The average compression rate of the binary structure reaches 84.11%. For the channel coding, we optimize dual-header pulse interval (DH-PIM) and propose overlapped DH-PIM (ODH-PIM) by introducing a flashlight half-on state. The flashlight half-on state can improve the representation capability of individual symbols. For the uplink of HCDS, we use the onboard LED of the sensor node to transmit feedback debugging information to the smartphone. At the same time, we design a novel encoding format of DH-PIM to optimize uplink transmission. Experimental results show that the optimized uplink transmission time and BER are reduced by 10.71% and 22%, compared with the original DH-PIM.

Irresectable tumours of the temporal bone

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Quiney ◽  
L. M. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Inaccessible Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Petrous Temporal Bone

AbstractSporadic case reports and the few published series of expanding lesions of the deep petrous temporal bone propose a variety of surgical approaches to ensure excision. All such surgery represents a compromise between exposure adequate for total removal and avoidance of further neurological deficit. Unfortunately pathology in the petrous apex evolves relatively silently and diagnosis is delayed. In many cases total excision is impossible. We present a series of patients presenting with advanced tumours of the deep petrous temporal bone in order to illustrate the spectrum of disease encountered, the limited role of surgery and the natural history of irresectable pathology in this remote and inaccessible area.

scholarly journals Biomass burning fuel consumption dynamics in the tropics and subtropics assessed from satellite

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3717-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Andela ◽  
Guido R. van der Werf ◽  
Johannes W. Kaiser ◽  
Thijs T. van Leeuwen ◽  
Martin J. Wooster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

Abstract. Landscape fires occur on a large scale in (sub)tropical savannas and grasslands, affecting ecosystem dynamics, regional air quality and concentrations of atmospheric trace gasses. Fuel consumption per unit of area burned is an important but poorly constrained parameter in fire emission modelling. We combined satellite-derived burned area with fire radiative power (FRP) data to derive fuel consumption estimates for land cover types with low tree cover in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia. We developed a new approach to estimate fuel consumption, based on FRP data from the polar-orbiting Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in combination with MODIS burned-area estimates. The fuel consumption estimates based on the geostationary and polar-orbiting instruments showed good agreement in terms of spatial patterns. We used field measurements of fuel consumption to constrain our results, but the large variation in fuel consumption in both space and time complicated this comparison and absolute fuel consumption estimates remained more uncertain. Spatial patterns in fuel consumption could be partly explained by vegetation productivity and fire return periods. In South America, most fires occurred in savannas with relatively long fire return periods, resulting in comparatively high fuel consumption as opposed to the more frequently burning savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa. Strikingly, we found the infrequently burning interior of Australia to have higher fuel consumption than the more productive but frequently burning savannas in northern Australia. Vegetation type also played an important role in explaining the distribution of fuel consumption, by affecting both fuel build-up rates and fire return periods. Hummock grasslands, which were responsible for a large share of Australian biomass burning, showed larger fuel build-up rates than equally productive grasslands in Africa, although this effect might have been partially driven by the presence of grazers in Africa or differences in landscape management. Finally, land management in the form of deforestation and agriculture also considerably affected fuel consumption regionally. We conclude that combining FRP and burned-area estimates, calibrated against field measurements, is a promising approach in deriving quantitative estimates of fuel consumption. Satellite-derived fuel consumption estimates may both challenge our current understanding of spatiotemporal fuel consumption dynamics and serve as reference datasets to improve biogeochemical modelling approaches. Future field studies especially designed to validate satellite-based products, or airborne remote sensing, may further improve confidence in the absolute fuel consumption estimates which are quickly becoming the weakest link in fire emission estimates.

scholarly journals Activo distribution and paraphernalia among “street children”

Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Arturo Ortiz Castro ◽  
◽  
Mario J Domínguez García ◽  
Gabriela Palomares Calderón ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
User Groups ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

Introduction. The use of solvent inhalants has been documented in Mexico since the 1970s. Nevertheless, very little is known about the distribution and use dynamics among “street children”. Few have ventured to study this issue because of the difficulties involved in working with marginalized, relatively inaccessible populations. Objective. To analyze the distribution and consumption dynamics of activo, as it is known among street children in downtown Mexico City, and to document the paraphernalia and argot associated with these practices. Method. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative study guided by the “Meeting Place” approach used by Hughes (1977), which has been adapted to Mexican population by Ortiz (1979). We also used ethnographic observation techniques and a social and immersion mapping of street spaces that allowed us to contact and relate to both informants and users. Results. We identified activo distributors and storage areas; user groups were made up of men and women in a 7-3 ratio; physical and psycho-social characteristics of sellers and users, and some street argot and paraphernalia that allowed us to understand the dynamics of distribution and consumption. Discussion and conclusion. The activo market is both captive and hidden; it is detrimental to the physical and mental health of street children, and is fostered by social exclusion and the lack of legislation.

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