scholarly journals A Case Study on Achieving Fair Data Age Distribution in Vehicular Communications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Zhang ◽  
Xinwu Song ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Martin Torngren
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Vehicular Communications

scholarly journals Testicular Torsion in an Adult Male: A Case of Neglected Torsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Nkomba Chamileke
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Adult Males

Testicular torsion is a true surgical emergency caused by twisting of the testicle on the spermatic cord leading to disruption of the vascular supply and time sensitive ischemia with or without necrosis of testicular tissue. The annual incidence is 1 in 4000 males under the age of 25 years globally, with peak presentation in adolescents between 12 to 16 years as well in the neonatal period. However, there are rare cases in which adult males present with testicular torsion and this case study explores one such instance looking at it's unique features and at the same time underscoring an important point that torsion can occur outside the bimodal peak. The case report illustrates that age distribution maybe clinically misleading and should not be relied upon for a diagnosis.

scholarly journals Pattern regionali e demografici del Covid-19 durante la prima ondata pandemica in Italia. Proposta di uno studio pilota per l’applicazione della metodologia shift-share alla dinamica delle infezioni

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Francesca Silvia Rota ◽  
Marco Bagliani ◽  
Paolo Feletig
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Italian Regions

The paper presents the experimental attempt to apply the shift-share decomposition technique, mainly used in the economic field to analyse regional differentials, to the growth dynamics of infections during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a partial readjustment of the initial formulations of this technique, the regional patterns of the spread of the infections in Italy are analysed, taking into account the influence exercised by the demographic characteristics (age composition) of the region. In this reformulation, the shift-share analysis (SSA) allows to break down the daily variation of COVID-19 cases according to four effects resulting from: the distribution of the population by age groups (measured through the demographic and allocative effects), the tendency of the regional dynamics to follow the trend of the nation (measured by the national effect) and the rising of specific local dynamics (measured by the local effect). The application of our proposed reformulation studies the diffusion of infections in the Italian regions between March 9 and May 20, 2020, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the methodology, offering ideas for further development and refinements to use SSA for applications in extra-economic realms (demographic, epidemiologic etc.), fruitfully. For example, the choice of the Italian case study was detrimental to the quality of the results obtained, since in Italy the population’s age distribution tends to be similar. For this reason, at the end of our study, it is suggested the opportunity to test the robustness of the proposed method using as case study other European nations (for example, France, Spain or Germany) characterised by more significant heterogeneity of the regional population than Italy.

scholarly journals Authentication strategies in vehicular communications: a taxonomy and framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Ali Rezazadeh Baee ◽  
Leonie Simpson ◽  
Xavier Boyen ◽  
Ernest Foo ◽  
Josef Pieprzyk
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Vehicular Communications ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

AbstractIn intelligent vehicular networks, vehicles have enhanced sensing capabilities and carry computing and communication platforms to enable new versatile systems known as Vehicular Communication (VC) systems. Vehicles communicate with other vehicles and with nearby fixed equipment to support different applications, including those which increase driver awareness of the surroundings. This should result in improved safety and may optimize traffic. However, VC systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks involving message manipulation. Research aimed at tackling this problem has resulted in the proposal of multiple authentication protocols. Several existing survey papers have attempted to classify some of these protocols based on a limited set of characteristics. However, to date there is no generic framework to support the comparison of these protocols and provide guidance for design and evaluation. Most existing classifications either use computation complexity of cryptographic techniques as a criterion, or they fail to make connections between different important aspects of authentication. This paper provides such a framework, proposing a new taxonomy to enable a consistent means of classifying authentication schemes based upon seven main criteria. The main contribution of this study is a framework to enable protocol designers and investigators to adequately compare and select authentication schemes when deciding on particular protocols to implement in an application. Our framework can be applied in design, making choices appropriate for the intended context in both intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle communications. We demonstrate the application of our framework using two different types of case study: individual analysis and hypothetical design. Additionally, this work makes several related contributions. We present the network model, outline the applications, list the communication patterns and the underlying standards, and discuss the necessity of using cryptography and key management in VC systems. We also review the threats, authentication, and privacy requirements in vehicular networks.

Spatial U-Pb age distribution in shock-recrystallized zircon – A case study from the Rochechouart impact structure, France

2020 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Rasmussen ◽  
Daniel F. Stockli ◽  
Timmons M. Erickson ◽  
Martin Schmieder
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Impact Structure

scholarly journals Influences on happiness and subjective well-being of entrepreneurs and labour: Kwazulu-Natal case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Shaun Ramroop
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Chi Square Test

Globally, individuals seek happiness, but not everybody is happy.  Economic reasoning suggests that rising incomes with expansions in GDP enhance the quality of life and subjective well-being.  This paper examines the influences on individual happiness, using ordinal logistic regression and chi-square analyses.  Based on the findings of a small case study, the chi-square test indicated that a significant relationship exists between gender, education, ethnicity, children, marital status, employment relations, income and self-reported happiness. The study also found that, on average, happier people tended to be educated, married with children, and treated fairly at work.  But having too many children produced a decrement in individual happiness.   The ordinal regression results indicate that an individual’s education, gender, age distribution and work environment are influential in producing higher levels of happiness.  Entrepreneurs were found to have a significantly higher mean level of happiness than employees.  In the workplace, individuals who experienced personal growth and were able to contribute their ideas tended to be happier, relative to others who perceived themselves to be ‘restricted’.

scholarly journals Clustering of population pyramids using Mallows' L2 distance

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Košmelj ◽  
Lynne Billard
Keyword(s):  
Time Trend ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
European Countries ◽  
East European ◽  
Aging Populations

In many real situations, data are collected/presented as histograms. Such examples are population pyramids, which present the age distribution of a population by gender for a particular country. The objective of this paper is to partition countries into homogenous groups according to the similarity of the shape of the population pyramids in each particular year and to observe the time-trend. We use a Mallows' L2 distance for this purpose. A case study on East European countries in the period 1995–2015 is presented. The results reflect that the countries are becoming more and more similar and follow a pattern of aging populations. For the majority of countries, this process started long before 1990, for Kosovo, Albania and Macedonia it started after 1990.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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