Soil properties, GPS, arcview, and soil resistivity provide tools for protecting electrical equipment from lightning and heat

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burr ◽  
H. James ◽  
C. Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Soil Resistivity

scholarly journals Evaluation of Transient Response of Different Earthing Configurations due to Lightning Impulses

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6342-6346 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Response ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Soil Ionization

Earthing system is very important in order to protect the electrical equipment as well as the human’s safety against over voltages. The main function of the earthling system is to remove unwanted excessive electrical currents caused by unusual conditions such as fault and lightning or switching over voltages by providing a low resistance path to the earth. Researchers had studied the behaviour of the earthling system to improve its performance for the past few years. There are few factors that influence the performance of the earthling system such as soil resistivity and soil ionization which need to be focused in order to improve the earthling. Thus, this paper evaluates on the factors that affect the behaviour of the earthling system based on simulation works using MATLAB and Safe Grid Software. Some analytical calculations are used to obtain the soil resistivity and resistance as well as the touch and step voltages. The simulation results were validated based on comparison with other studies on the factors that influence the earthling system performance. The results reveal that the variation of soil resistivity, the configuration of electrodes, current magnitude and frequency dependence can result in a change of transient response of the systems.

Applying the Method of Lagrange Multipliers to Derive an Estimator for Unsampled Soil Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Set Foong Ng ◽  
Pei Eng Ch’ng ◽  
Yee Ming Chew ◽  
Kok Shien Ng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Unbiased Estimator ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Site ◽  
Method Of Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Inverse Distance

Soil properties are very crucial for civil engineers to differentiate one type of soil from another and to predict its mechanical behavior. However, it is not practical to measure soil properties at all the locations at a site. In this paper, an estimator is derived to estimate the unknown values for soil properties from locations where soil samples were not collected. The estimator is obtained by combining the concept of the ‘Inverse Distance Method’ into the technique of ‘Kriging’. The method of Lagrange Multipliers is applied in this paper. It is shown that the estimator derived in this paper is an unbiased estimator. The partiality of the estimator with respect to the true value is zero. Hence, the estimated value will be equal to the true value of the soil property. It is also shown that the variance between the estimator and the soil property is minimised. Hence, the distribution of this unbiased estimator with minimum variance spreads the least from the true value. With this characteristic of minimum variance unbiased estimator, a high accuracy estimation of soil property could be obtained.

AVAILABLE WAYS TO OPTIMIZE SOIL PROPERTIES IN APPLE ORCHARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
V.L. Zakharov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Pugachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Apple Orchards

Geospatial comparison of three models to predict soil properties in semi-humid region of West Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rajaram Majhi ◽  
Gouri Sankar Bhunia ◽  
Tapan Kumar Das ◽  
Pravat Kumar Shit ◽  
Rabindranath Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Humid Region

CORRELATION RELATIONS BETWEEN VALUABLE IRRIGATED SOIL PROPERTIES AND PLANT PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Inobat Ruzieva ◽  
◽  
Inobat Ruzieva ◽  
Islom Xaitov ◽  
Ulug`berdi Xursanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Productivity
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