O&M modeling of offshore wind farms — State of the art and future developments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Asgarpour ◽  
John Dalsgaard Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Future Developments

scholarly journals HVdc Circuit Breakers: Prospects and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5047
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Ali Mustafa ◽  
Umar Alqasemi ◽  
Kumars Rouzbehi ◽  
Raheel Muzzammel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current

The integration of offshore wind farms has revitalized the interest in multi–terminal high voltage direct current (M–HVdc) transmission grids. HVdc breakers’ importance has increased as M–HVdc grids are now a commercial truth. Several HVdc circuit breaker technologies have been developed, published, and appeared as prototypes for HVdc networks. This paper summarizes the HVdc breaker technologies from the last two decades, distributed mainly in literature. A comparison of various state–of–the–art HVdc breakers is presented. Further, areas are identified where further research and development are required. The goal is to provide primary challenges and prospects in the HVdc breaker field.

scholarly journals Decision Support Models for Operations and Maintenance for Offshore Wind Farms: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Seyr ◽  
Michael Muskulus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Decision Support Models

This paper reviews the state of the art in offshore wind farm operations and maintenance with a focus on decision support models for the scheduling of maintenance. Factors influential to maintenance planning are collected from the literature and their inclusion in state-of-the-art models is discussed. Methods for modeling and optimization are presented. The methods currently used and possible alternatives are discussed. The existing models are already able to aid the decision-making process. They can be improved by applying more advanced mathematical methods, including uncertainties in the input, regarding more of the influential factors, and by collecting, analyzing, and subsequently using more accurate data.

Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Brandt ◽  
AC Dragon ◽  
A Diederichs ◽  
MA Bellmann ◽  
V Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Feasibility study for the installation of offshore wind farms in the Canary Islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
M. Martínez ◽  
A. Pulido ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
N. Angulo ◽  
F. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

scholarly journals Offshore wind farms and the attraction–production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninon Mavraki ◽  
Steven Degraer ◽  
Jan Vanaverbeke
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWFs) act as artificial reefs, attracting high abundances of fish, which could potentially increase their local production. This study investigates the feeding ecology of fish species that abundantly occur at artificial habitats, such as OWFs, by examining the short- and the long-term dietary composition of five species: the benthopelagic Gadus morhua and Trisopterus luscus, the pelagic Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus, and the benthic Myoxocephalus scorpioides. We conducted combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine the short- and the time-integrated dietary composition, respectively. Our results indicated that benthopelagic and benthic species utilize artificial reefs, such as OWFs, as feeding grounds for a prolonged period, since both analyses indicated that they exploit fouling organisms occurring exclusively on artificial hard substrates. Trachurus trachurus only occasionally uses artificial reefs as oases of highly abundant resources. Scomber scombrus does not feed on fouling fauna and therefore its augmented presence in OWFs is probably related to reasons other than the enhanced food availability. The long-termed feeding preferences of benthic and benthopelagic species contribute to the hypothesis that the artificial reefs of OWFs could potentially increase the fish production in the area. However, this was not supported for the pelagic species.

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