The wavelength dependence (between 18 to 25 Gc/s) of back-reflected energy from small ice particles during the melting process

1965 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nicolis
Keyword(s):  
Melting Process ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Ice Particles

Packing Characteristics and Its Effect on Heat Transfer Characteristics in Melting of Granular Packed Bed Subject to Horizonal Forced Convection

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Hao ◽  
Y.-X. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the characteristics and its effect on the melting and heat of a packed bed consisting of melting ice particles to horizontal forced convection. The volumes and situations of the melting ganular packed beds are by the visualization observations and measurements digital camcorders within the range of Re = 71 ~ 2291, Gr/Re2 = 1.48×10−5 ~ 17.32, and Ste = 0.0444 ~ 0.385, respectively. The mass of ice particles is measured at the time interval during the melting process. Two types of pattern can be found under the different conditions. The different types of heat transfer characteristics emerge in type of packing pattern. The correlations for each type of pattern are obtained based on the experimental results.

scholarly journals The Melting Layer: A Laboratory Investigation of Ice Particle Melt and Evaporation near 0°C

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Oraltay ◽  
J. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Capillary Forces ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Melting Layer ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Snow Crystals

Abstract Melting, freezing, and evaporation of individual and aggregates of snow crystals are simulated in the laboratory under controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. Crystals of selected habit are grown on a vertical filament and subsequently melted or evaporated in reverse flow, with the velocity adjusted for appropriate fall speed to reproduce conditions of the melting layer. Nonequilibrium conditions are simulated for larger melting ice particles surrounded by smaller drops at a temperature up to +5°C or growth of an ice crystal surrounded by freezing ice particles down to −5°C. Initial melting of well-defined faceted crystals, as individuals or in combination, occurs as a water layer >10 μm thick. For larger (>100 μm) crystals the water becomes sequestered by capillary forces as individual drops separated by water-free ice regions, often having quasiperiodic locations along needles, columns, or arms from evaporating dendrites. Drops are also located at intersections of aggregate crystals and dendrite branches, being responsible for the maximum of the radar scatter. The drops have a finite water–ice contact angle of 37°–80°, depending on ambient conditions. Capillary forces move water from high-curvature to low-curvature regions as melting continues. Toward the end of the melting process, the ice separating the drops becomes sufficiently thin to fracture under aerodynamic forces, and mixed-phase particles are shed. Otherwise ice-free drops are shed. The melting region and the mechanism for lowering the melting layer with an increasing precipitation rate are associated with smaller ice particle production capable of being lofted in weaker updrafts.

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Melting Process of Ice Particles

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Hauk ◽  
Elmar Bonaccurso ◽  
Philippe Villedieu ◽  
Pierre Trontin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Ice Particles

Polarimetric Observations of Red Variables: A Study of Gas and Particle Interactions

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 386-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Coyne ◽  
I. S. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Stellar Atmosphere ◽  
Molecular Absorption ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Mira Variables ◽  
Stellar Photosphere ◽  
Regular Variable ◽  
Red Supergiants ◽  
Balmer Lines

AbstractIn recent years the wavelength, dependence of the polarization in a number of Mira variables, semi-regular variables and red supergiants has been measured with resolutions between 0.3 and 300 A over the range 3300 to 11000 A. Variations are seen across molecular absorption bands, especially TiO bands, and across atomic absorption and emission lines, especially the Balmer lines. In most cases one can ignore or it is possible to eliminate the effects due to interstellar polarization, so that one can study the polarization mechanisms operating in the stellar atmosphere and environment. The stars Omicron Ceti. (Mira), V CVn (semi-regular variable) and Mu Cephei (M2 la), in addition to other stars similar to them, will be discussed in some detail.Models to explain the observed polarization consider that the continuum flux is polarized either by electron, molecular and/or grain scattering or by temperature variations and/or geometrical asymmetries over the stellar photosphere. This polarized radiation is affected by atomic and molecular absorption and emission processes at various geometric depths in the stellar atmosphere and envelope. High resolution spectropolarimetry promises, therefore, to be a power-rul tool for studying stratification effects in these stars.

Recovering waste energy of the combined gas turbine system using paraffin melting

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7481-7497
Author(s):  
Yousef Najjar ◽  
Abdelrahman Irbai
Keyword(s):  
Melting Process ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Waste Energy

This work covers waste energy utilization of the combined power cycle by using it in the candle raw material (paraffin) melting process and an economic study for this process. After a partial utilization of the burned fuel energy in a real bottoming steam power generation, the exhaust gas contains 0.033 of the initially burned energy. This tail energy with about 128 ºC is partly driven in the heat exchanger of the paraffin melting system. Ansys-Fluent Software was used to study the paraffin wax melting process by using a layered system that utilizes an increased interface area between the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the phase change material (PCM) to improve the paraffin melting process. The results indicate that using 47.35 kg/s, which is 5% of the entire exhaust gas (881.33 kg/s) from the exit of the combined power cycle, would be enough for producing 1100 tons per month, which corresponds to the production quantity by real candle's factories. Also, 63% of the LPG cost will be saved, and the payback period of the melting system is 2.4 years. Moreover, as the exhaust gas temperature increases, the consumed power and the payback period will decrease.

PORE-SCALE SIMULATION OF ICE MELTING PROCESS IN POROUS MEDIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu He ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yu-Tong Mu ◽  
Wen-Quan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Ice Melting

Solving the Problem of Silicon Dioxide Melting Based on Deviation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Melting Rate ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Contour Feature ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract: In order to reveal the dissolution behavior of iron tailings in blast furnace slag, we studied the main component of silica in iron tailings. First, edge contour features need to be established to represent the melting process of silica. We choose shape, perimeter, area and generalized radius as objects. By independently analyzing the influence of these four indexes on the melting rate, the area and shape were selected as the characteristic parameters of the edge contour of the silica particles. Then, the actual melting rate of the silica is estimated by the edge contour feature index. Finally, we can calculate the melting rate of the first second of three time periods of 0.00010312mm3/s，0.0002399mm3/s，0.0000538mm3/s.

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