Electrical field measurements in non-equilibrium laser-generated plasmas

Author(s):  
L. Torrisi ◽  
S. Gammino ◽  
L. Celona ◽  
D. Margarone
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L.Gonzalez Andino ◽  
R.D. Pascual Marqui ◽  
P.A. Valdes Sosa ◽  
R. Biscay Lirio ◽  
C. Machado ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horatio Rodrigo ◽  
George H. Heller ◽  
Aniket Ingrole ◽  
Z.R. Liang ◽  
Danny G. Crook ◽  
...  

Electrical breakdown field measurements on Polymethylmethylacrylate (PMMA) and a nano-composite of PMMA/Barium Titanate (BTA) by 10% wt are presented. The measurements were made using uniform field electrode configuration under high voltage DC. The electrodes were made of stainless steel, each having a Bruce profile, and diameter 25 mm. The measurements were made at room temperature (293 K) and liquid Nitrogen temperature (77 K). Using Weibull statistics it shows that both PMMA and the nano-composite have breakdown electrical field strengths much higher at 293 K than at 77 K. It has been shown that there was very marked improvement in the reliability of results for both compounds at 77 K over those at 293 K. The SEM micrographs have shown very distinct differences in the behavior of the nano-compound between 293 K and 77 K, PMMA also exhibit some clear differences.


From measurements by four electrode and microwave techniques and from theoretical calculations, the conclusions are drawn that the equilibrium electrical conductivity varies with fuel/air ratio, being higher in fuel rich conditions, and that the chlorine and sulphur impurities in power station fuels will not significantly affect the conductivity under m.h.d. generator conditions. Experiments on non-equilibrium conductivity in seeded combustion products at 1500 °K are described. The form of the current-field curve at high values of the ratio of electrical field to molecule density was investigated. At a certain value of the field the current was found to increase many times above the equilibrium value, with little increase in field. To describe these results, a theory is presented in which ionization by electrons having energies greater than the ionization potential is balanced by a three-body recombination process involving electrons, positive potassium ions, and neutral molecules. This gives a current-field curve of the same shape as that experimentally observed but the experimental value of the field at which the current rises differs from the theoretical value by about 25%. The use of this non-equilibrium conductivity in generators is discussed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 31592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Lopes ◽  
Hugo Gonçalves Silva ◽  
Rui Salgado ◽  
Miguel Potes ◽  
Keri A. Nicoll ◽  
...  

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