scholarly journals Operation and performance of the new Fermilab Booster H-injection system

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lackey ◽  
F.G. Garcia ◽  
M. Popovic ◽  
E. Prebys
Keyword(s):  
Injection System ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Final design and on-sky testing of the iLocater SX acquisition camera: broad-band single-mode fibre coupling

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (2) ◽  
pp. 2250-2267
Author(s):  
J Crass ◽  
A Bechter ◽  
B Sands ◽  
D King ◽  
R Ketterer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Single Mode Fibre ◽  
Astronomical Instruments ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Camera Design ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Enabling efficient injection of light into single-mode fibres (SMFs) is a key requirement in realizing diffraction-limited astronomical spectroscopy on ground-based telescopes. SMF-fed spectrographs, facilitated by the use of adaptive optics (AO), offer distinct advantages over comparable seeing-limited designs, including higher spectral resolution within a compact and stable instrument volume, and a telescope independent spectrograph design. iLocater is an extremely precise radial velocity (EPRV) spectrograph being built for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). We have designed and built the front-end fibre injection system, or acquisition camera, for the SX (left) primary mirror of the LBT. The instrument was installed in 2019 and underwent on-sky commissioning and performance assessment. In this paper, we present the instrument requirements, acquisition camera design, as well as results from first-light measurements. Broad-band SMF coupling in excess of 35 per cent (absolute) in the near-infrared (0.97–1.31 ${\mu {\rm m}}$) was achieved across a range of target magnitudes, spectral types, and observing conditions. Successful demonstration of on-sky performance represents both a major milestone in the development of iLocater and in making efficient ground-based SMF-fed astronomical instruments a reality.

Combustion Characteristics and Performance Increase of an LPG-SI Engine with Liquid Fuel Injection System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norifumi Mizushima ◽  
Susumu Sato ◽  
Yasuhiro Ogawa ◽  
Toshiro Yamamoto ◽  
Umerujan Sawut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
And Performance

Dynamic Modeling and Identification of an Electric-Hydraulic Controlled Fuel Injection System

2014 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Ya Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Autoregressive Moving Average ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
Fuel Rate ◽  
And Performance

Fuel consumption, related to engine operation and performance, has always been emphasized in the modern design of heavy vehicles. For identifying the operational mechanism of a novel hydraulically actuated electronic unit injection (HEUI) system from the viewpoint of energy conversion, this study presents the estimation of a nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) models. By this modeling approach, the correlation between injection pressure and fuel rate under normal operations is detected. When mapping the NARMAX models into the frequency domain, the frequency response functions (FRFs) representing the energy transfer mechanisms in the system can then be precisely obtained. Due to the high-order FRFs responsible for the non-linear coupling between the various input spectral components, the HEUI dynamics can be demonstrated as an energy resonance of 22.5 Hz.

DIGITALLY CONTROLLED FLOW METERING UNIT WITH DOUBLE ACTUATION FOR FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

1994 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
T. KREPEC ◽  
A.I. GEORGANTAS
Keyword(s):  
Transient Response ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fast Transient Response ◽  
System A ◽  
Flow Metering ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper proposes a novel compact, inexpensive, yet versatile flow metering unit which consists of two hydraulic valves incorporated in a single barrel and operated directly by two digital actuators. For the evaluation of the concept, the mathematical model of the unit is developed and validated. The model is subsequently used to investigate the operability and performance of the system. A specific control strategy taking advantage of the system hardware is implemented. The enhancement of the transient response, as compared to single actuation conventional units, is demonstrated. Furthermore, the back-up functionality in case of failure of one of the valves is ascertained. This kind of double actuator unit is proposed for, but not limited to, fuel metering in a gasoline engine throttle body injection system.

Features and Performance Data of Cooper-Bessemer Coal-Fueled Six-Cylinder LSB Engine

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Rao ◽  
E. N. Balles ◽  
R. P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
System A ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Emission Control System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Engine Components

The six-cylinder Cooper-Bessemer LSB engine has been converted to operate with one cylinder on coal-water slurry (CWS) fuel and with five cylinders operating on diesel fuel. This development followed the successful operation of the single-cylinder JS engine on CWS for over 600 hours to date. The CWS injection system was scaled up about a factor of two in fuel volume from the JS system. A new cam box drive was fabricated for the LSB single-cylinder operation. The engine was operated and full power output was achieved from the CWS cylinder. Preliminary test results indicate good operate efficiency. An exhaust emission control system is in place for the proposed operation of all the six cylinders on CWS and major engine components are on hand. These results mark a significant milestone in the progress toward commercial readiness of the coal-fueled diesel engine system.

An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common-Rail Injection System Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Tennison ◽  
R. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Emissions And Performance

An investigation of the effect of injection parameters on emissions and performance in an automotive diesel engine was conducted. A high-pressure common-rail injection system was used with a dual-guided valve covered orifice nozzle tip. The engine was a four-valve single cylinder high-speed direct-injection diesel engine with a displacement of approximately 12 liter and simulated turbocharging. The engine experiments were conducted at full load and 1004 and 1757 rev/min, and the effects of injection pressure, multiple injections (single vs pilot with main), and pilot injection timing on emissions and performance were studied. Increasing the injection pressure from 600 to 800 bar reduced the smoke emissions by over 50 percent at retarded injection timings with no penalty in oxides of nitrogen NOx or brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Pilot injection cases exhibited slightly higher smoke levels than single injection cases but had similar NOx levels, while the single injection cases exhibited slightly better BSFC. The start-of-injection (SOI) of the pilot was varied while holding the main SOI constant and the effect on emissions was found to be small compared to changes resulting from varying the main injection timing. Interestingly, the point of autoignition of the pilot was found to occur at a nearly constant crank angle regardless of pilot injection timing (for early injection timings) indicating that the ignition delay of the pilot is a chemical delay and not a physical (mixing) one. As the pilot timing was advanced the mixture became overmixed, and an increase of over 50 percent in the unburned hydrocarbon emissions was observed at the most advanced pilot injection timing.

Conversion and Performance Analysis of a Small Utility Vehicle Operating on Hydrogen Fuel

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Fifield ◽  
Julian Gardner ◽  
Robert Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Utility Vehicle

Hydrogen as a combustible fuel offers great promise as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Test platforms are an important step toward the commercialization of any renewable fuel, as they can highlight more efficient means of implementing new and enhancing existing technologies. One such platform involves the conversion of gasoline fueled engines to operate on gaseous hydrogen. Traditional means for converting an engine to operate on hydrogen consists of port injection with slight modification to the spark timing. Due to stringent emissions standards, control over the production of NOx typically received precedence over volumetric efficiency and ultimately power output. This has been typically accomplished using very lean burn regimens. Through the advancement of computer control for injection systems, significant improvements have been made in the fuel delivery system resulting in better fuel mileage, emissions, and power output while using near-stoichiometric conditions. Highlighted in this paper is the conversion of a single cylinder, 2-seater utility vehicle with special emphasis on the direct injection system and performance results. The latter include operations on three fuels: gasoline, natural gas, and hydrogen. Generally the hydrogen-related components were able to be installed in the areas within the vehicle used for the original gasoline system. Experiences in designing a direct-injection system as well as the application of a computer-control system are described. Also contained are emissions comparisons to similar conversions as well as that of the pre-modified engine operating on gasoline.

Predictive Sliding Control with Fuzzy Logic for Fuel-Injected Automotive Engines

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-K Nam ◽  
M-H Lee ◽  
W-S Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Sliding Control ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Real Time Simulations

An alternative algorithm is proposed far a variable-structure control to design a closed-loop fuel-injection system. Sliding control using fuzzy logic is combined with current oxygen sensors to maintain the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Predictive control is also introduced to compensate for the lime delay in the combustion process. This synthesis provides a practical and flexible design for an engine controller because its hybrid structure meets given robustness and performance requirements. The potential of the proposed algorithm is shown through real-time simulations utilizing both a typical engine-only model on an AD-100 computer and an implemented controller on an Intel 80C186 with an 80C187 processor.

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