scholarly journals A compact proton accelerator system for cancer therapy

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yamaguchi ◽  
K. Nakayama ◽  
T. Rizawa ◽  
S. Sukenobu ◽  
K. Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
Accelerator System

CROSSING RESONANCES IN A NON-SCALING FFAG

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (10n11) ◽  
pp. 1852-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. TRBOJEVIC ◽  
M. BLASKIEWICZ ◽  
E. FOREST
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
Fast Proton ◽  
Phase Jump ◽  
Proton Acceleration ◽  
Fixed Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

There are many possible applications for the non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (NS-FFAG): accelerating non-relativistic ions, ion cancer therapy, proton drivers, accelerator driven subcritical reactors, heavy radioactive ions, recirculating linacs, and etc. They are confronted with two significant challenges: first is crossing integer resonances as the tunes vary with energy, and that the required fast acceleration has not yet been achieved in practice. An example of a small 30–250 MeV NS-FFAG proton accelerator is used to study both problems. After an introduction, the second chapter shows theoretical predictions for the emittance blow up from crossing the integer resonances. In the third part, the lattice of the ring is briefly described. The fourth chapter describes the "phase jump" a method for fast proton acceleration, while in the chapter five a six dimensional simulations of acceleration is described, ending with conclusions.

ULTRA-HIGH-TECH CANCER THERAPY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. A37-A37
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physics Labs ◽  
The Brain

Last month, scientists at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory here unveiled the first proton beam accelerator built for hospital use. When the machine is ready for operation next year at Loma Linda University Medical Center near Los Angeles, many believe it will prove itself a major breakthrough in the wan on cancer. Others, however, think the proton accelerator is a white elephant. They complain that its untested medical benefits and enormous price make it the ultimate example of medical technology run amok. Some doctors say proton therapy will prove useless in the treatment of most cancers. It is unquestionably the most expensive piece of medical equipment ever built. The cost—$40 million, including the special building needed to house the machine—dwarfs the cost of the next most expensive medical device: the Positron Emitting Tomography scanner, which shows metabolic activity within the brain and can cost about $5 million. Protons were first suggested as a potential cancer therapy in 1946 by Robert Rathbun Wilson, who established the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. But it wasn't until the 1970s that patients were first exposed to protons in physics labs at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, at Fermi and at several institutions abroad. In physics labs cluttered with cable and oscilloscopes, physicists have seen some spectacular results using physics research machines moonlighting to treat cancer patients. At Harvard, where 174 patients with malignant tumors at the base of the brain have been treated, the therapy has had an 85% cure rate, compared with 35% cure rate for conventional therapies. (Patients in remission or cancer-free for five years are considered cured.) The beam is virtually useless in cancers that have spread beyond the original site. Such metastacized (sic) cancers account for more [than] two thirds of all malignancies says [one] radiation oncologist. "There's some usefulness, no doubt about it. But the candidates for proton therapy are limited. . . . It won't make a major impact on the cure rates for all cancers. It will make a little dent, but it will cost a lot to make that dent.

A beam intensity monitor for the Loma Linda cancer therapy proton accelerator

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Coutrakon ◽  
Dan Miller ◽  
B. J. Kross ◽  
D. F. Anderson ◽  
P. DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Proton Accelerator

scholarly journals Beam commissioning of the first compact proton therapy system with spot scanning and dynamic field collimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1107) ◽  
pp. 20190598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Vilches-Freixas ◽  
Mirko Unipan ◽  
Ilaria Rinaldi ◽  
Jonathan Martens ◽  
Erik Roijen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spot Size ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Spot Scanning ◽  
Beam Commissioning ◽  
Dose Measurements ◽  
Accelerator System ◽  
Dynamic Layer

Objectives: To describe the measurements and to present the results of the beam commissioning and the beam model validation of a compact, gantry-mounted, spot scanning proton accelerator system with dynamic layer-by-layer field collimation. Methods: We performed measurements of depth dose distributions in water, spot and scanned field size in air at different positions from the isocenter plane, spot position over the 20 × 20 cm2 scanned area, beam monitor calibration in terms of absorbed dose to water and specific field collimation measurements at different gantry angles to commission the system. To validate the beam model in the treatment planning system (TPS), we measured spot profiles in water at different depths, absolute dose in water of single energy layers of different field sizes and inversely optimised spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP) under normal and oblique beam incidence, field size and penumbra in water of SOBPs, and patient treatment specific quality assurance in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. Results: Energy range, spot size, spot position and dose output were consistent at all gantry angles with 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm and 0.5% maximum deviations, respectively. Uncollimated spot size (one sigma) in air with an air-gap of 10 cm ranged from 4.1 to 16.4 mm covering a range from 32.2 to 1.9 cm in water, respectively. Absolute dose measurements were within 3% when comparing TPS and experimental data. Gamma pass rates >98% and >96% at 3%/3 mm were obtained when performing 2D dose measurements in homogeneous and in heterogeneous media, respectively. Leaf position was within ±1 mm at all gantry angles and nozzle positions. Conclusions: Beam characterisation and machine commissioning results, and the exhaustive end-to-end tests performed to assess the proper functionality of the system, confirm that it is safe and accurate to treat patients. Advances in knowledge: This is the first paper addressing the beam commissioning and the beam validation of a compact, gantry-mounted, pencil beam scanning proton accelerator system with dynamic layer-by-layer multileaf collimation.

Development of a laser-driven proton accelerator for cancer therapy

Laser Physics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. -M. Ma ◽  
I. Veltchev ◽  
E. Fourkal ◽  
J. S. Li ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Proton Accelerator

Multifunctional metal–organic framework heterostructures for enhanced cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintong Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jianping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Functional Modulation ◽  
Organic Framework

We review the general principle of the design and functional modulation of nanoscaled MOF heterostructures, and biomedical applications in enhanced therapy.

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