scholarly journals Game-Based Energy Management Method for Hybrid RTG Cranes

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Niu ◽  
Gu ◽  
Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Continuous Work

In order to improve the energy efficiency and economic effect of conventional diesel-powered rubber-tired gantry (RTG) cranes in container terminals, various hybrid RTG cranes were studied. However, these current hybrid RTG cranes have several disadvantages, such as high initial investment cost and poor versatility of energy management methods. In this paper, a hybrid RTG crane consisting of a small-sized diesel generator (DG), a ternary material lithium battery, and a supercapacitor (SC) is studied, and a hybrid RTG crane energy management method based on game theory is proposed. The DG, lithium battery, and SC are modeled as three independent agents to participate in the game, and a multi-agent system (MAS) is established. During the RTG crane work process, agents achieve a coordinated and stable working state through the game, i.e., the Nash equilibrium. Three typical crane operation scenarios, the rated load, continuous work, and intermittent work, are simulated and studied. According to the results, combinations of the three devices can meet the power demand and system performance. The power of the DG in the hybrid system is small (only 20 kW), reducing fuel consumption and overall emissions during RTG crane operation.

scholarly journals Real-Time Energy Management of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Linear Quadratic Regulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5538
Author(s):  
Bảo-Huy Nguyễn ◽  
João Pedro F. Trovão ◽  
Ronan German ◽  
Alain Bouscayrol
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulation ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Optimization-based methods are of interest for developing energy management strategies due to their high performance for hybrid electric vehicles. However, these methods are often complicated and may require strong computational efforts, which can prevent them from real-world applications. This paper proposes a novel real-time optimization-based torque distribution strategy for a parallel hybrid truck. The strategy aims to minimize the engine fuel consumption while ensuring battery charge-sustaining by using linear quadratic regulation in a closed-loop control scheme. Furthermore, by reformulating the problem, the obtained strategy does not require the information of the engine efficiency map like the previous works in literature. The obtained strategy is simple, straightforward, and therefore easy to be implemented in real-time platforms. The proposed method is evaluated via simulation by comparison to dynamic programming as a benchmark. Furthermore, the real-time ability of the proposed strategy is experimentally validated by using power hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

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