Optimum Design Of Electromagnetic Devices By The State Variable Method: Application To Transformers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Amor ◽  
M. Poloujadoff ◽  
S.J. Salon
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Variable Method ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Electromagnetic Devices

scholarly journals Exploring the Limits of Floating-Point Resolution for Hardware-In-the-Loop Implemented with FPGAs

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sanchez ◽  
Elías Todorovich ◽  
Angel de Castro
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Floating Point ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Numerical Resolution ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Simulation Step ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
The Difference

As the performance of digital devices is improving, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) techniques are being increasingly used. HIL systems are frequently implemented using FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) as they allow faster calculations and therefore smaller simulation steps. As the simulation step is reduced, the incremental values for the state variables are reduced proportionally, increasing the difference between the current value of the state variable and its increments. This difference can lead to numerical resolution issues when both magnitudes cannot be stored simultaneously in the state variable. FPGA-based HIL systems generally use 32-bit floating-point due to hardware and timing restrictions but they may suffer from these resolution problems. This paper explores the limits of 32-bit floating-point arithmetics in the context of hardware-in-the-loop systems, and how a larger format can be used to avoid resolution problems. The consequences in terms of hardware resources and running frequency are also explored. Although the conclusions reached in this work can be applied to any digital device, they can be directly used in the field of FPGAs, where the designer can easily use custom floating-point arithmetics.

scholarly journals Characteristic phenomena in combustion

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Dirk Meinköhn
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Stationary Solutions ◽  
The State ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional State Space ◽  
Singularity Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Stationary Solutions

For the case of a reaction–diffusion system, the stationary states may be represented by means of a state surface in a finite-dimensional state space. In the simplest example of a single semi-linear model equation given. in terms of a Fredholm operator, and under the assumption of a centre of symmetry, the state space is spanned by a single state variable and a number of independent control parameters, whereby the singularities in the set of stationary solutions are necessarily of the cuspoid type. Certain singularities among them represent critical states in that they form the boundaries of sheets of regular stable stationary solutions. Critical solutions provide ignition and extinction criteria, and thus are of particular physical interest. It is shown how a surface may be derived which is below the state surface at any location in state space. Its contours comprise singularities which correspond to similar singularities in the contours of the state surface, i.e., which are of the same singularity order. The relationship between corresponding singularities is in terms of lower bounds with respect to a certain distinguished control parameter associated with the name of Frank-Kamenetzkii.

scholarly journals Computation of positive realization of MIMO hybrid linear systems in the form of second Fornasini-Marchesini model

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kaczorek ◽  
Łukasz Sajewski
Keyword(s):  
Linear Systems ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Realization Problem ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
State Variable

Computation of positive realization of MIMO hybrid linear systems in the form of second Fornasini-Marchesini modelThe realization problem for positive multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) linear hybrid systems with the form of second Fornasini-Marchesini model is formulated and a method based on the state variable diagram for finding a positive realization of a given proper transfer matrix is proposed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the positive realization of a given proper transfer matrix are established. A procedure for computation of a positive realization is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.

Influence of Actuator Reluctance Force on Linear Oscillating Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 416-417 ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Z.Q. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Modeling Technique ◽  
Driving Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Resonance ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Oscillating Systems

The operation of linear oscillating system is complicated, involving system nonlinearities of both actuator and load, and variations of driving frequency in order to track the mechanical resonance. In this paper, the state-variable modeling technique is used to analytically investigate the influence of actuator reluctance force on the performance of linear oscillating systems. The analytical derivations will be validated by simulations, and good agreements are achieved.

Difference Synchronization of Identical and Nonidentical Chaotic and Hyperchaotic Systems of Different Orders Using Active Backstepping Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Donald Dongmo ◽  
Kayode Stephen Ojo ◽  
Paul Woafo ◽  
Abdulahi Ndzi Njah
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Lyapunov Stability Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
State Variables ◽  
State Variable ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Synchronization Scheme ◽  
Hyperchaotic Systems

This paper introduces a new type of synchronization scheme, referred to as difference synchronization scheme, wherein the difference between the state variables of two master [slave] systems synchronizes with the state variable of a single slave [master] system. Using the Lyapunov stability theory and the active backstepping technique, controllers are derived to achieve the difference synchronization of three identical hyperchaotic Liu systems evolving from different initial conditions, as well as the difference synchronization of three nonidentical systems of different orders, comprising the 3D Lorenz chaotic system, 3D Chen chaotic system, and the 4D hyperchaotic Liu system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the theoretical analysis. The development of difference synchronization scheme has increases the number of existing chaos synchronization scheme.

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