Concurrent detection of soft errors based on current monitoring

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate a novel nanoprobing approach to establish cause-and-effect relationships between voltage stress and end-of-life performance loss and failure in SRAM cells. A Hyperion II Atomic Force nanoProber was used to examine degradation for five 6T cells on an Intel 14 nm processor. Ten minutes of asymmetrically applied stress at VDD=2 V was used to simulate a ‘0’ bit state held for a long period, subjecting each pullup and pulldown to either VDS or VGS stress. Resultant degradation caused read and hold margins to be reduced by 20% and 5% respectively for the ‘1’ state and 5% and 2% respectively for the ‘0’ state. ION was also reduced, for pulldown and pullup respectively, by 4.5% and 5.4% following VGS stress and 2.6% and 33.8% following VDS stress. Negative read margin failures, soft errors, and read time failures all become more prevalent with these aging symptoms whereas write stability is improved. This new approach enables highly specific root cause analysis and failure prediction for end-of-life in functional on-product SRAM.

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Fuzzy control of coagulation reaction through streaming current monitoring

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0102 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. C. Liu ◽

M. D. Wu

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Control Process ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Flow Mode ◽

Raw Water ◽

Streaming Current ◽

On Line ◽

Current Monitoring

A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) incorporating the streaming current detector (SDC) was utilized in the automatic control of the coagulation reaction. Kaolinite was used to prepare synthetic raw water, and ferric chloride was used as the coagulant. The control set point was decided at a streaming current (SC) of −0.05 and pH of 8.0 from jar tests, zeta potential and streaming current measurements. A bench-scale water treatment plant with rapid mix, flocculation, and sedimentation units, operated in a continuous-flow mode, was utilized to simulate the reaction. Two critical parameters affecting the coagulation reaction, i.e., pH and streaming current, were chosen as process outputs; while coagulant dose and base dose were chosen as control process inputs. They were on-line monitored and transduced through a FLC. With raw water of initial turbidity of 110 NTU, residual turbidity of lower than 10 NTU before filtration was obtained. Results show that this combination functions satisfactorily for coagulation control.

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Technology Used to Recognize Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Nicola Camp ◽

Martin Lewis ◽

Kirsty Hunter ◽

Julie Johnston ◽

Massimiliano Zecca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Wearable Technology ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Environmental Technologies ◽

Current Monitoring ◽

Future Work

The use of technology has been suggested as a means of allowing continued autonomous living for older adults, while reducing the burden on caregivers and aiding decision-making relating to healthcare. However, more clarity is needed relating to the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) recognised, and the types of technology included within current monitoring approaches. This review aims to identify these differences and highlight the current gaps in these systems. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles and commercially available systems were selected if they focused on ADL recognition of older adults within their home environment. Thirty-nine ADL recognition systems were identified, nine of which were commercially available. One system incorporated environmental and wearable technology, two used only wearable technology, and 34 used only environmental technologies. Overall, 14 ADL were identified but there was variation in the specific ADL recognised by each system. Although the use of technology to monitor ADL of older adults is becoming more prevalent, there is a large variation in the ADL recognised, how ADL are defined, and the types of technology used within monitoring systems. Key stakeholders, such as older adults and healthcare workers, should be consulted in future work to ensure that future developments are functional and useable.

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Mitigating Process Variability and Soft Errors at Circuit-Level for FinFETs

10.1007/978-3-030-68368-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Zimpeck ◽

Cristina Meinhardt ◽

Laurent Artola ◽

Ricardo Reis

Keyword(s):

Soft Errors ◽

Process Variability

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An Efficient Approach to Tolerate Soft Errors in Combinational Circuits

2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) ◽

10.1109/iciccs51141.2021.9432122 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tumpa Rani Roy ◽

Md. Sheikh Sadi

Keyword(s):

Soft Errors ◽

Combinational Circuits ◽

Efficient Approach

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Aerial Mapping of Odorous Gases in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using a Small Drone

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13091757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1757

Author(s):

Javier Burgués ◽

María Deseada Esclapez ◽

Silvia Doñate ◽

Laura Pastor ◽

Santiago Marco

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽

Sampling System ◽

Aerial Mapping ◽

Sensor Signals ◽

Current Monitoring ◽

Flexible Tubes

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are sources of greenhouse gases, hazardous air pollutants and offensive odors. These emissions can have negative repercussions in and around the plant, degrading the quality of life of surrounding neighborhoods, damaging the environment, and reducing employee’s overall job satisfaction. Current monitoring methodologies based on fixed gas detectors and sporadic olfactometric measurements (human panels) do not allow for an accurate spatial representation of such emissions. In this paper we use a small drone equipped with an array of electrochemical and metal oxide (MOX) sensors for mapping odorous gases in a mid-sized WWTP. An innovative sampling system based on two (10 m long) flexible tubes hanging from the drone allowed near-source sampling from a safe distance with negligible influence from the downwash of the drone’s propellers. The proposed platform is very convenient for monitoring hard-to-reach emission sources, such as the plant’s deodorization chimney, which turned out to be responsible for the strongest odor emissions. The geo-localized measurements visualized in the form of a two-dimensional (2D) gas concentration map revealed the main emission hotspots where abatement solutions were needed. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the multivariate sensor signals suggests that the proposed system can also be used to trace which emission source is responsible for a certain measurement.

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