Rapid detection of climate scale environmental variability in the Gulf of Maine

Interannual variability of shellfish toxicity in the Gulf of Maine: Time and space patterns and links to environmental variability

Harmful Algae ◽

10.1016/j.hal.2010.03.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 458-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Andrew C. Thomas ◽

Ryan Weatherbee ◽

Huijie Xue ◽

Guimei Liu

Keyword(s):

Interannual Variability ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Gulf Of Maine ◽

Time And Space

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Century-scale changes in phytoplankton phenology in the Gulf of Maine

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27425 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas R Record ◽

William M Balch ◽

Karen Stamieszkin

Keyword(s):

Spring Bloom ◽

Gulf Of Maine ◽

Calanus Finmarchicus ◽

Climate Indices ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Multiple Datasets ◽

Physical And Chemical Variables ◽

Climate Scale ◽

Physical And Chemical

The phenology of major seasonal events is an important indicator of climate. We analyzed multiple datasets of in situ chlorophyll measurements from the Gulf of Maine dating back to the early 20th century in order to detect climate-scale changes in phenology. The seasonal cycle was consistently characterized by a two-bloom pattern, with spring and autumn blooms. The timing of both spring and autumn blooms has shifted later in the year at rates ranging from ~1 to 9 days per decade since 1960, depending on the phenology metric, and trends only emerged at time scales of >40 years. Bloom phenology had only weak correlations with major climate indices. There were stronger associations between bloom timing and physical and chemical variables. Autumn bloom initiation correlated strongly with surface temperature and salinity, and spring bloom with nutrients. A later spring bloom also correlated with an increased cohort of Calanus finmarchicus, suggesting broader ecosystem implications of phytoplankton phenology.

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Century-scale changes in phytoplankton phenology in the Gulf of Maine

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6735 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicholas R. Record ◽

William M. Balch ◽

Karen Stamieszkin

Keyword(s):

Spring Bloom ◽

Gulf Of Maine ◽

Calanus Finmarchicus ◽

Climate Indices ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Multiple Datasets ◽

Physical And Chemical Variables ◽

Climate Scale ◽

Physical And Chemical

The phenology of major seasonal events is an important indicator of climate. We analyzed multiple datasets of in situ chlorophyll measurements from the Gulf of Maine dating back to the early 20th century in order to detect climate-scale changes in phenology. The seasonal cycle was consistently characterized by a two-bloom pattern, with spring and autumn blooms. The timing of both spring and autumn blooms has shifted later in the year at rates ranging from ∼1 to 9 days per decade since 1960, depending on the phenology metric, and trends only emerged at time scales of >40 years. Bloom phenology had only weak correlations with major climate indices. There were stronger associations between bloom timing and physical and chemical variables. Autumn bloom initiation correlated strongly with surface temperature and salinity, and spring bloom with nutrients. A later spring bloom also correlated with an increased cohort ofCalanus finmarchicus, suggesting broader ecosystem implications of phytoplankton phenology.

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Century-scale changes in phytoplankton phenology in the Gulf of Maine

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27425v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas R Record ◽

William M Balch ◽

Karen Stamieszkin

Keyword(s):

Spring Bloom ◽

Gulf Of Maine ◽

Calanus Finmarchicus ◽

Climate Indices ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Multiple Datasets ◽

Physical And Chemical Variables ◽

Climate Scale ◽

Physical And Chemical

The phenology of major seasonal events is an important indicator of climate. We analyzed multiple datasets of in situ chlorophyll measurements from the Gulf of Maine dating back to the early 20th century in order to detect climate-scale changes in phenology. The seasonal cycle was consistently characterized by a two-bloom pattern, with spring and autumn blooms. The timing of both spring and autumn blooms has shifted later in the year at rates ranging from ~1 to 9 days per decade since 1960, depending on the phenology metric, and trends only emerged at time scales of >40 years. Bloom phenology had only weak correlations with major climate indices. There were stronger associations between bloom timing and physical and chemical variables. Autumn bloom initiation correlated strongly with surface temperature and salinity, and spring bloom with nutrients. A later spring bloom also correlated with an increased cohort of Calanus finmarchicus, suggesting broader ecosystem implications of phytoplankton phenology.

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Search mode for rapid detection of virus particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085733 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

O. E. Bradfute

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Low Dose ◽

Search Mode ◽

Virus Diseases ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Focus Image ◽

Time Required ◽

Rapid Switching

Electron microscopy is frequently used in preliminary diagnosis of plant virus diseases by surveying negatively stained preparations of crude extracts of leaf samples. A major limitation of this method is the time required to survey grids when the concentration of virus particles (VPs) is low. A rapid survey of grids for VPs is reported here; the method employs a low magnification, out-of-focus Search Mode similar to that used for low dose electron microscopy of radiation sensitive specimens. A higher magnification, in-focus Confirm Mode is used to photograph or confirm the detection of VPs. Setting up the Search Mode by obtaining an out-of-focus image of the specimen in diffraction (K. H. Downing and W. Chiu, private communications) and pre-aligning the image in Search Mode with the image in Confirm Mode facilitates rapid switching between Modes.

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Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142815 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

C.D. Humphrey ◽

T.L. Cromeans ◽

E.H. Cook ◽

D.W. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy ◽

Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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