Effect of nerve variations on the stimulus current level in a wearable neuromodulator for migraine: A modeling study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Salkim ◽  
Arsam N. Shiraz ◽  
Andreas Demosthenous
Keyword(s):  
Current Level ◽  
Stimulus Current ◽  
Modeling Study

Auditory Cortical Images of Cochlear-Implant Stimuli: Coding of Stimulus Channel and Current Level

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Middlebrooks ◽  
Julie Arenberg Bierer
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Stimulus Current

This study quantified the accuracy with which populations of neurons in the auditory cortex can represent aspects of electrical cochlear stimuli presented through a cochlear implant. We tested the accuracy of coding of the place of stimulation (i.e., identification of the active stimulation channel) and of the stimulus current level. Physiological data came from the companion study, which recorded spike activity of neurons simultaneously from 16 sites along the tonotopic axis of the guinea pig's auditory cortex. In that study, cochlear electrical stimuli were presented to acutely deafened animals through a 6-electrode animal version of the 22-electrode Nucleus banded electrode array (Cochlear). Cochlear electrode configurations consisted of monopolar (MP), bipolar (BP + N) with N inactive electrodes between the active and return electrodes (0 ≤ N ≤ 3), tripolar (TP) with one active electrode and two flanking return electrodes, and common ground (CG) with one active electrode and as many as five return electrodes. In the present analysis, an artificial neural network was trained to recognize spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activity in response to single presentations of particular stimuli and, thereby, to identify those stimuli. The accuracy of pair-wise discrimination of stimulation channels or of current levels was represented by the discrimination index, d′, where d′ = 1 was taken as threshold. In many cases, the threshold for discrimination of place of cochlear stimulation was <0.75 mm, and the threshold for discrimination of current levels was <1 dB. Cochlear electrode configurations varied in the accuracy with which they signaled to the auditory cortex the place of cochlear stimulation. The BP + N and TP configurations provided considerably greater sensitivity to place of stimulation than did the MP configuration. The TP configuration maintained accurate signaling of place of stimulation up to the highest current levels, whereas sensitivity was degraded at high current levels in BP + N configurations. Electrode configurations also varied in the dynamic range over which they signaled stimulus current level. Dynamic ranges were widest for the BP + 0 configuration and narrowest for the TP configuration. That is, the configuration that showed the most accurate signaling of cochlear place of stimulation (TP) showed the most restricted dynamic range for signaling of current level. These results suggest that the choice of the optimal electrode configuration for use by human cochlear-prosthesis users would depend on the particular demands of the speech-processing strategy that is to be employed.

Cochlear Prostheses: Stimulation-Induced Damage

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef M. Miller ◽  
Larry G. Duckert ◽  
Bryan E. Pfingst ◽  
Mark A. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Stimulation Site ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Stimulus Current ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of 4 weekly, three-hour exposures to continuous sinusoidal (1 kHz) electrical stimulation of the inner ear at various current levels were assessed in the chronically implanted guinea pig. With scala tympani stimulation, histopathological damage, including new bone growth, was observed for currents at and above 100 μA rms. No changes were observed in similarly implanted, but not stimulated cochleas. At equal current levels, less damage was found in subjects stimulated via electrodes placed on the round window and promontory, as compared to the scala tympani. Consistent reversible changes in threshold and suprathreshold features of the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) were found. The magnitude of EABR change was directly related to exposure stimulus current level and to cochlear stimulation site. Suprathreshold features of the EABR were more sensitive to continuous stimulation exposures than threshold measures. Reversible EABR changes were found in the presence and absence of stimulation-induced histopathology.

Allene oxidation in jet-stirred reactor : a kinetic modeling study

1990 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 1159-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Dagaut ◽  
M Cathonnet ◽  
B Aboussi ◽  
JC Boettner
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Allene Oxidation ◽  
Modeling Study

Production capacity of Russian industry: Potential of import Substitution and economic Growth

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zamaraev ◽  
T. Marshova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Current Level ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Capacity Structure ◽  
Idle Capacity

The article examines the state of production capacity of Russian industry. It is shown that in spite of certain positive shifts, the rate of technological modernization in recent years has been insufficient for marked progressive changes in the capacity structure and quality. In contrast to the industrial growth after the crisis of 1998 that took place in the presence of significant reserves of capacity, the current level of idle capacity is much lower. The lack of mass input of modern and high-tech industries objectively limits the possibilities of import substitution and economic growth.

Perdre la mesure… Or, The Ecologics of Extinction

CounterText ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Stefan Herbrechter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Human Race ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Adequate Measurement ◽  
Ecological Catastrophe

The article takes its cue from Olivier Rey's recent book Une question de taille (a question of size) and develops the idea of humanity ‘losing its measure, or scale’ in the context of contemporary ecological catastrophe. It seems true that the current level of global threats, from climate change to asteroids, has produced a culture of ambient ‘species angst’ living in more or less constant fear about the survival of the ‘human race’, biodiversity, the planet, the solar system. This indeed means that the idea of a cosmos and a cosmology may no longer be an adequate ‘measurement’ for scaling the so far inconceivable, namely a thoroughly postanthropocentric world picture. The question of scale is thus shown to be connected to the necessity of developing a new sense of proportion, an eco-logic that would do justice to both, things human and nonhuman. Through a reading of the recent science fiction film Interstellar, this article aims to illustrate the dilemma and the resulting stalemate between two contemporary ‘alternatives’ that inform the film: does humanity's future lie in self-abandoning or in self-surpassing, in investing in conservation or in exoplanets? The article puts forward a critique of both of these ‘ecologics’ and instead shows how they depend on a dubious attempt by humans to ‘argue themselves out of the picture’, while leaving their anthropocentric premises more or less intact.

1925-P: Apparent Plateau in Diabetes Diagnosis Explained by Misuse of Updated Diagnosis Criteria in Simulation Modeling Study of Macronutrient Consumption Trends in U.S.

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1925-P
Author(s):  
SMITA MOHANTY ◽  
COLLEEN M. CHELINI ◽  
PAUL D'ALESSANDRO ◽  
GAURAV DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Modeling Study

From the history of the development of electronic dictionaries: foreign and domestic experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
O. Y. Balalaieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
Educational Professional

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of electronic dictionaries development abroad and in Ukraine using methods of analysis of scientific sources, comparison, generalization and systematization. Electronic dictionaries have been found to be a relatively new phenomenon in the lexicographic market, evolving from machine-readable dictionaries, exact copies of paper editions to complex digital lexicographic systems with a powerful arsenal of functions over the decades. The stages of development of autonomous and online dictionaries are described. Electronic dictionaries due to the advanced search capabilities, speed, simplicity, ease of use, accessibility and compactness have gained popularity among a wide range of users. Today they are used in many spheres of human activity – scientific, educational, professional, everyday communication. However, the analysis of the current level of development of Ukrainian electronic resources indicates a shortage of electronic dictionaries both common and terminological vocabulary. The lack of electronic dictionaries is due to a number of objective problems, both practical and theoretical, that is why research in the field of domestic computer lexicography is a promising area of further research.

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