Fiber optics: Single-mode cables and long-wavelength transmission are seen as requisite for next-generation systems

IEEE Spectrum ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Mokhoff
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Long Wavelength

scholarly journals Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Imam Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Power Meter ◽  
Working Principle

The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

scholarly journals 3D modeling of multimode and single mode fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Murizah Kassim ◽  
Ahmad Syahir Arif Mohd Zaid ◽  
Azlina Idris ◽  
Shahrani Shahbudin ◽  
Roslina Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Multimode Fiber ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Technical Specifications

<span>This paper presents a design of 3D modeling of Multimode and Single Mode Fiber using SolidWorks. Fiber technology is essential that presents optical fiber is the fastest optical cable laid by Internet Service Providers in network communication. The current design of both fibers has less detail animation on technical specifications of light propagations and cladding. Thus, characterization difficulties occur between this two fiber optics cables. It also has less promotion in media publications such as 3D model design as guidance to users. This paper presents details on 3D modeling of multimode mode and single mode fiber specifications held in the industry market.  A 3D design with SolidWorks and comparison of both fiber characteristics are presented. Based on the 3D designed model, users are analyzed on their perspective and searching information which benefits telecommunication’s company. Technical calculations like core-cladding diameter ratio in microns are animated. The propagation of light in 3D single mode and multimode fiber is simulated using SolidWorks animator that presents it real fiber conditions. Result presents 10 most country searching used of both fiber cables and the difference in users search for both cables. A number of user’s search presents 3% more of multimode than single mode fiber search cases. This research is significant in presenting an animator of single and multimode fiber to users of network infrastructure development especially network developers and Telecommunications Company which can present it lively with animator transitions.</span>

Monitoring horizontal well hydraulic stimulations and geomechanical deformation processes in the unconventional shales of the Midland Basin using fiber-based time-lapse VSPs, microseismic, and strain data

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hull ◽  
Robert Meek ◽  
Hector Bello ◽  
Kevin Woller ◽  
Jed Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Fracture Models

A variety of methods are utilized in an instrumented vertical wellbore to invert for and estimate the heights and lateral extents of the hydraulic fracture treatment. Data were acquired with externally mounted dual- and single-mode fiber optics for measuring strain, acoustics, and temperature. In addition, external pressure gauges, internal conventional tiltmeters, and geophones were also utilized. This instrumented well was used multiple times to record a number of nearby offset horizontal hydraulic stimulations and to record a time-lapse vertical seismic profile. By using multiple data acquisition techniques, we obtained a more comprehensive and accurate estimation of the hydraulic fracture geometry and the dynamic processes taking place internal to the propagating fractures. Furthermore, these data could be used to calibrate fracture models and the fracture interaction with the surrounding unconventional reservoir.

scholarly journals An Optical Fiber Sensor Coated with Electrospinning Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6996
Author(s):  
Jinze Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Humidity Response ◽  
Sensitive Film ◽  
Nanofiber Film ◽  
Humidity Sensitivity

A fiber-optics tapered sensor that is covered by an electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber film, is demonstrated to measure humidity and temperature simultaneously. A section multi-mode fiber (MMF) was sandwiched between two leading-in and out single mode fibers (SMFs), which was further tapered down to 29 μm to promote the humidity sensitivity of the sensor. A thin layer of electrospinning PVA nanofiber film was uniformly coated on the MMF taper region by electrospinning technology. In order to promote the humidity sensitivity and mechanical strength of electrospinning nanofibers, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mixed into PVA to formed PVA/CNTs composite nanofiber film. A Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) was cascaded with the humidity sensing fiber to monitor the ambient temperature simultaneously. The addition of CNTs effectively eliminated the cracks on the electrospinning nanofiber and made it more uniform and smoother. As experimental results show, the humidity sensitivity of the sensor with PVA/CNTs film was 0.0484 dB/%RH, an improvement of 31.16% compared to that of the sensor with PVA film, for which sensitivity is 0.0369 dB/%RH. The nanofiber humidity-sensitive film constructed using electrospinning had a satisfactory humidity response, special 3D structure and extensive application prospect.

scholarly journals Stellar Diameter Measurements with Fiber Optic Double Fourier Interferometry—Experimental Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Peiqian Zhao ◽  
V. Coudé Du Foresto ◽  
J.-M. Mariotti ◽  
P. Lena ◽  
Bifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Path Difference ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Beam Combination ◽  
Long Baseline

Long baseline optical interferometry has been successfully employed to measure the diameters of stars. In this technique, bandwidth smearing can affect the measurement accuracy. These bandwidth smearing effects can be, to some extent, eliminated by dividing the whole observing spectral band into sub-bands and calculating the star's diameter based on the visibilities and spatial frequencies at the corresponding sub-bands. In the visible range, dividing the whole spectral band can be implemented by introducing a spectrograph, while in the IR domain, this operation can be performed efficiently with the technique of double Fourier interferometry (DFI) without losing the advantage of multiplexing. In particular, the use of IR single-mode fiber optics for DFI will make the interferometer extremely compact, light, insensitive to surrounding conditions, etc. We established an IR single-mode fiber optic double Fourier interferometer in the laboratory, in which the optical path difference modulations are generated by stretching fiber arms and the beam combination is carried out with a fiber optic directional coupler. In this paper, we report on experiments and experimental results from measurements of the diameter of an artificial star with the technique of fiber optic DFI.

Evaluation of turbulent mixing transition in a shock-driven variable-density flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 779-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohaghar ◽  
John Carter ◽  
Benjamin Musci ◽  
David Reilly ◽  
Jacob McFarland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Variable Density Flow ◽  
Multi Mode

The effect of initial conditions on transition to turbulence is studied in a variable-density shock-driven flow. Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) evolution of fluid interfaces with two different imposed initial perturbations is observed before and after interaction with a second shock reflected from the end wall of a shock tube (reshock). The first perturbation is a predominantly single-mode long-wavelength interface which is formed by inclining the entire tube to 80$^{\circ }$ relative to the horizontal, yielding an amplitude-to-wavelength ratio, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=0.088$, and thus can be considered as half the wavelength of a triangular wave. The second interface is multi-mode, and contains additional shorter-wavelength perturbations due to the imposition of shear and buoyancy on the inclined perturbation of the first case. In both cases, the interface consists of a nitrogen-acetone mixture as the light gas over carbon dioxide as the heavy gas (Atwood number, $A\sim 0.22$) and the shock Mach number is $M\approx 1.55$. The initial condition was characterized through Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and density energy spectra from a large set of initial condition images. The evolving density and velocity fields are measured simultaneously using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques. Density, velocity, and density–velocity cross-statistics are calculated using ensemble averaging to investigate the effects of additional modes on the mixing and turbulence quantities. The density and velocity data show that a distinct memory of the initial conditions is maintained in the flow before interaction with reshock. After reshock, the influence of the long-wavelength inclined perturbation present in both initial conditions is still apparent, but the distinction between the two cases becomes less evident as smaller scales are present even in the single-mode case. Several methods are used to calculate the Reynolds number and turbulence length scales, which indicate a transition to a more turbulent state after reshock. Further evidence of transition to turbulence after reshock is observed in the velocity and density fluctuation spectra, where a scaling close to $k^{-5/3}$ is observed for almost one decade, and in the enstrophy fluctuation spectra, where a scaling close to $k^{1/3}$ is observed for a similar range. Also, based on normalized cross correlation spectra, local isotropy is reached at lower wave numbers in the multi-mode case compared with the single-mode case before reshock. By breakdown of large scales to small scales after reshock, rapid decay can be observed in cross-correlation spectra in both cases.

scholarly journals Electrical Design Optimization of Single-Mode Tunnel-Junction-Based Long-Wavelength VCSELs

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mehta ◽  
D. Feezell ◽  
D.A. Buell ◽  
A.W. Jackson ◽  
L.A. Coldren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Tunnel Junction ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Long Wavelength
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document